<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">1681-1208</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">46547</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2205/2020ES000724</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">The aspects of K-index calculation at Russian Geomagnetic Observatories</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>The aspects of K-index calculation at Russian Geomagnetic Observatories</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Petrov</surname>
       <given-names>Valery G </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Petrov</surname>
       <given-names>Valery G </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>vpetrov@izmiran.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Krasnoperov</surname>
       <given-names>Roman I </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Krasnoperov</surname>
       <given-names>Roman I </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radiowave Propagation RAS</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radiowave Propagation RAS</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Geophysical Center RAS</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Geophysical Center RAS</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>20</volume>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-10-29T12:48:17+03:00">
     <day>29</day>
     <month>10</month>
     <year>2021</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/46547/view">https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/46547/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>One of the most widely used indices of geomagnetic activity is the K&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;K</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>One of the most widely used indices of geomagnetic activity is the K&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;K</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>Geomagnetic observatories</kwd>
    <kwd>geomagnetic data</kwd>
    <kwd>magnetograms</kwd>
    <kwd>𝐾-index</kwd>
    <kwd>𝐾𝑝-index</kwd>
    <kwd>𝐾9 limit</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Geomagnetic observatories</kwd>
    <kwd>geomagnetic data</kwd>
    <kwd>magnetograms</kwd>
    <kwd>𝐾-index</kwd>
    <kwd>𝐾𝑝-index</kwd>
    <kwd>𝐾9 limit</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 17-77-20034. The authors wish to thank the team of the World Data Center for Solar-Terrestrial Physics in Moscow (Russia) (http://www.wdcb.ru/stp/index.en.html). This work employed data and services provided by the Shared Research Facility &quot;Analytical Geomagnetic Data Center&quot; of the Geophysical Center of RAS (http://ckp.gcras.ru/).</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Anisimov, S. V., E. M. Dmitriyev, et al. (2015) , Calculations of geomagnetic activity K-indices in real time, Heliogeophysical Research, 13, p. 62-72 (in Russian)
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Anisimov, S. V., E. M. Dmitriyev, et al. (2015) , Calculations of geomagnetic activity K-indices in real time, Heliogeophysical Research, 13, p. 62-72 (in Russian)
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Bartels, J. (1938) , Potsdamer erdmagnetische Kennziffern, 1 Mitteilung, Zeitschrift für Geophysik, 14, p. 68-78 (in German)
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Bartels, J. (1938) , Potsdamer erdmagnetische Kennziffern, 1 Mitteilung, Zeitschrift für Geophysik, 14, p. 68-78 (in German)
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Bartels, J. (1949) , The standardized index Ks and the planetary index Kp, IATME Bulletin, 12b, p. 97-120
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Bartels, J. (1949) , The standardized index Ks and the planetary index Kp, IATME Bulletin, 12b, p. 97-120
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Bartels, J. (1957) , The technique of scaling indices K and Q of geomagnetic activity, Geomagnetism: Annals of The International Geophysical Year, 4, p. 215-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-1304-0.50006-3
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Bartels, J. (1957) , The technique of scaling indices K and Q of geomagnetic activity, Geomagnetism: Annals of The International Geophysical Year, 4, p. 215-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-1304-0.50006-3
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Bartels, J., N. H. Heck, H. F. Johnston (1939) , The three-hour-range index measuring geomagnetic activity, Journal of Geophysical Research, 44, no. 4, p. 411-454, https://doi.org/10.1029/te044i004p00411
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Bartels, J., N. H. Heck, H. F. Johnston (1939) , The three-hour-range index measuring geomagnetic activity, Journal of Geophysical Research, 44, no. 4, p. 411-454, https://doi.org/10.1029/te044i004p00411
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Chulliat, A., S. Anisimov (2008) , The Borok INTERMAGNET magnetic observatory, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 10, no. 3, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.2205/2007es000238
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Chulliat, A., S. Anisimov (2008) , The Borok INTERMAGNET magnetic observatory, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 10, no. 3, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.2205/2007es000238
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Coles, R., M. Menvielle (1991) , Some thoughts concerning new digital magnetic indices, Geophysical Transactions, 36, p. 303-312
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Coles, R., M. Menvielle (1991) , Some thoughts concerning new digital magnetic indices, Geophysical Transactions, 36, p. 303-312
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Hattingh, M., L. Loubser, D. Nagtegaal (1989) , Computer K-index estimation by a new linear-phase, robust, non-linear smoothing method, Geophysical Journal International, 99, no. 3, p. 533-547, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1989.tb02038.x
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Hattingh, M., L. Loubser, D. Nagtegaal (1989) , Computer K-index estimation by a new linear-phase, robust, non-linear smoothing method, Geophysical Journal International, 99, no. 3, p. 533-547, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1989.tb02038.x
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Love, J. J., K. J. Remick (2007) , Magnetic indices, Encyclopedia of Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism, D. Gubbins and E. Herrero-Bervera (eds.), p. 509-512, Springer, Netherlands, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4423-6_178
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Love, J. J., K. J. Remick (2007) , Magnetic indices, Encyclopedia of Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism, D. Gubbins and E. Herrero-Bervera (eds.), p. 509-512, Springer, Netherlands, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4423-6_178
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Mandrikova, O. V., S. E. Smirnov, I. S. Solov'ev (2012) , Method for determining the geomagnetic activity index based on wavelet packets, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 52, no. 1, p. 111-120, https://doi.org/10.1134/s0016793211060107
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Mandrikova, O. V., S. E. Smirnov, I. S. Solov'ev (2012) , Method for determining the geomagnetic activity index based on wavelet packets, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 52, no. 1, p. 111-120, https://doi.org/10.1134/s0016793211060107
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Mayaud, P. N. (1967) , Atlas of indices K. Part 1, IAGA Bulletin No. 21, p. 112, IUGG Publication Office, Paris (http://isgi.unistra.fr/IAGABulletins/ IAGA_Bulletin_21text_Mayaud_1967.pdf)
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Mayaud, P. N. (1967) , Atlas of indices K. Part 1, IAGA Bulletin No. 21, p. 112, IUGG Publication Office, Paris (http://isgi.unistra.fr/IAGABulletins/ IAGA_Bulletin_21text_Mayaud_1967.pdf)
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Mayaud, P. N. (1980) , Derivation, Meaning, and Use of Geomagnetic Indices, Geophysical Monograph Vol. 22, AGU, Washington, DC, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM022 (Print ISBN: 9780875900223, Online ISBN: 9781118663837)
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Mayaud, P. N. (1980) , Derivation, Meaning, and Use of Geomagnetic Indices, Geophysical Monograph Vol. 22, AGU, Washington, DC, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM022 (Print ISBN: 9780875900223, Online ISBN: 9781118663837)
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Menvielle, M. (1990) , About the derivation of geomagnetic indices from digital data, Proc. International Workshop on Observatory Data Acquisition and Processing, Geophysical Publications No. 15, Kauristie, K. et al. (eds.), p. 117-126, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Menvielle, M. (1990) , About the derivation of geomagnetic indices from digital data, Proc. International Workshop on Observatory Data Acquisition and Processing, Geophysical Publications No. 15, Kauristie, K. et al. (eds.), p. 117-126, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Menvielle, M. (1991) , Evaluation of algorithms for computer production of K indices, Geophysical Transactions, 36, p. 313-320
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Menvielle, M. (1991) , Evaluation of algorithms for computer production of K indices, Geophysical Transactions, 36, p. 313-320
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Menvielle, M., A. Berthelier (1991) , The K-derived planetary indices: Description and availability, Reviews of Geophysics, 29, no. 3, p. 415-432, https://doi.org/10.1029/91rg00994
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Menvielle, M., A. Berthelier (1991) , The K-derived planetary indices: Description and availability, Reviews of Geophysics, 29, no. 3, p. 415-432, https://doi.org/10.1029/91rg00994
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Menvielle, M., N. Papitashvili, et al. (1995) , Computer production of K-indices: review and comparison of methods, Geophysical Journal International, 123, no. 3, p. 866-886, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1995.tb06895.x
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Menvielle, M., N. Papitashvili, et al. (1995) , Computer production of K-indices: review and comparison of methods, Geophysical Journal International, 123, no. 3, p. 866-886, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1995.tb06895.x
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Nowoyski, K., T. Ernst, J. Jankowski (1991) , Adaptive smoothing method for computer derivation of K-indices, Geophysical Journal International, 104, no. 1, p. 85-93, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb02495.x
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Nowoyski, K., T. Ernst, J. Jankowski (1991) , Adaptive smoothing method for computer derivation of K-indices, Geophysical Journal International, 104, no. 1, p. 85-93, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb02495.x
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Sucksdorff, C., R. Pirjola, L. Häkkinen (1991) , Computer production of K-values based on linear elimination, Geophysical Transactions, 36, p. 333-345
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Sucksdorff, C., R. Pirjola, L. Häkkinen (1991) , Computer production of K-values based on linear elimination, Geophysical Transactions, 36, p. 333-345
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Wilson, L. R. (1987) , An evaluation of digitally derived K-indices, Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity, 39, no. 2, p. 97-109, https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.39.97
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Wilson, L. R. (1987) , An evaluation of digitally derived K-indices, Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity, 39, no. 2, p. 97-109, https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.39.97
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Zabolotnaya, N. A. (2007) , Indices of Geomagnetic Activity, LKI, Moscow (in Russian)
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Zabolotnaya, N. A. (2007) , Indices of Geomagnetic Activity, LKI, Moscow (in Russian)
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
