<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">1681-1208</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">46574</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2205/2021ES000772</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Road Feature Extraction from LANDSAT-8 and ResourceSat-2 Images</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Road Feature Extraction from LANDSAT-8 and ResourceSat-2 Images</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Lenin Kumar Reddy</surname>
       <given-names>S </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Lenin Kumar Reddy</surname>
       <given-names>S </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>leninkumar438@gmail.com</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Rao</surname>
       <given-names>C V</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Rao</surname>
       <given-names>C V</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Rajesh Kumar</surname>
       <given-names>P </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Rajesh Kumar</surname>
       <given-names>P </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Technology and Innovation, MSA, National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC)</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Technology and Innovation, MSA, National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC)</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Technology and Innovation, MSA, National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC)</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Technology and Innovation, MSA, National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC)</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Andhra University College of Engineering</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Andhra University College of Engineering</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>21</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-10-29T12:49:49+03:00">
     <day>29</day>
     <month>10</month>
     <year>2021</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/46574/view">https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/46574/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>This paper presents a methodology of road feature extraction from the diﬀerent resolutions of RemoteSensing images of Landsat-8 Operational Lander Image (OLI) and ResourceSat-2 of Linear Imaging SelfSensor-3 (LISS-3) and LISS-4 sensors with the spatial resolutions of 15 m, 24 m, and 5 m. In themethodology of road extraction, an index is proposed based on the spectral proﬁle of Roads, also involvingMorphological transform (Top-Hat or Bot-Hat) and Markov Random Fields (MRF). In the proposed index,Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) band has a signiﬁcant role in the detection of roads from sensors, and it isnamed Normalized Diﬀerence Road Index (NDRI). To enhancement of features from the index, Bot-Hattransforms used. To segment the road features from this image, MRF used. The methodology is performedon the OLI, LISS-3 and LISS-4 images, and presented with results</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>This paper presents a methodology of road feature extraction from the diﬀerent resolutions of RemoteSensing images of Landsat-8 Operational Lander Image (OLI) and ResourceSat-2 of Linear Imaging SelfSensor-3 (LISS-3) and LISS-4 sensors with the spatial resolutions of 15 m, 24 m, and 5 m. In themethodology of road extraction, an index is proposed based on the spectral proﬁle of Roads, also involvingMorphological transform (Top-Hat or Bot-Hat) and Markov Random Fields (MRF). In the proposed index,Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) band has a signiﬁcant role in the detection of roads from sensors, and it isnamed Normalized Diﬀerence Road Index (NDRI). To enhancement of features from the index, Bot-Hattransforms used. To segment the road features from this image, MRF used. The methodology is performedon the OLI, LISS-3 and LISS-4 images, and presented with results</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>Road Index</kwd>
    <kwd>SWIR</kwd>
    <kwd>NDRI</kwd>
    <kwd>Bot-Hat transform</kwd>
    <kwd>Markov Random Fields</kwd>
    <kwd>LISS-3</kwd>
    <kwd>OLI</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Road Index</kwd>
    <kwd>SWIR</kwd>
    <kwd>NDRI</kwd>
    <kwd>Bot-Hat transform</kwd>
    <kwd>Markov Random Fields</kwd>
    <kwd>LISS-3</kwd>
    <kwd>OLI</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research is funded and Resourcesat-2 data  provided by the National Remote Sensing Centre  (NRSC)/ISRO under the project (0606322EE303) titled “Development of geophysical and special processing algorithms from OCM and ResourceSat sensor data”. We wish to express our sincere thanks to  the Director, NRSC and R. V. G. Anjaneyulu, Head,  SPD for their encouragement and guidance to publish the paper.</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Anjaneyulu, R. V. G., S. Suresh, M. K. Gali, C. V. Rao, and B. G. Krishna, Swir band synthesis at spatial resolution of liss-4 mx data using liss-3, in Journal of the Indian National Cartographic Association(INCA), vol. 38, pp. 9- 14, INCA, 2019
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Anjaneyulu, R. V. G., S. Suresh, M. K. Gali, C. V. Rao, and B. G. Krishna, Swir band synthesis at spatial resolution of liss-4 mx data using liss-3, in Journal of the Indian National Cartographic Association(INCA), vol. 38, pp. 9- 14, INCA, 2019
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Bhatti, S. S., and N. K. Tripathi, Built-up area extraction using landsat 8 oli imagery, GIScience &amp; Remote Sensing, 51(4), 445-467, doi:10.1080/15481603.2014.939539, 2014
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Bhatti, S. S., and N. K. Tripathi, Built-up area extraction using landsat 8 oli imagery, GIScience &amp; Remote Sensing, 51(4), 445-467, doi:10.1080/15481603.2014.939539, 2014
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Costa, S., V. Santos, D. Melo, and P. Santos, Evaluation of landsat 8 and sentinel-2a data on the correlation between geological mapping and ndvi, in 2017 First IEEE International Symposium of Geoscience and Remote Sensing (GRSS-CHILE), pp. 1-4, doi:10.1109/GRSSCHILE.2017.7996006, 2017
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Costa, S., V. Santos, D. Melo, and P. Santos, Evaluation of landsat 8 and sentinel-2a data on the correlation between geological mapping and ndvi, in 2017 First IEEE International Symposium of Geoscience and Remote Sensing (GRSS-CHILE), pp. 1-4, doi:10.1109/GRSSCHILE.2017.7996006, 2017
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Dempster, A. P., N. M. Laird, and D. B. Rubin, Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the em algorithm, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), 39(1), 1-38, 1977
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Dempster, A. P., N. M. Laird, and D. B. Rubin, Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the em algorithm, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), 39(1), 1-38, 1977
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Dubes, R. C., A. K. Jain, S. G. Nadabar, and C. C. Chen, Mrf model-based algorithms for image segmentation, in [1990] Proceedings. 10th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, vol. 1, pp. 808-814, doi:10.1109/ICPR.1990.118221, 1990
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Dubes, R. C., A. K. Jain, S. G. Nadabar, and C. C. Chen, Mrf model-based algorithms for image segmentation, in [1990] Proceedings. 10th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, vol. 1, pp. 808-814, doi:10.1109/ICPR.1990.118221, 1990
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Garg, A., D. Pal, H. Singh, and D. C. Pandey, A comparative study of ndbi, ndisi and ndii for extraction of urban impervious surface of dehradun [uttarakhand, india] using landsat 8 imagery, in 2016 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Communication Technologies (ETCT), pp. 1-5, doi:10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882963, 2016
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Garg, A., D. Pal, H. Singh, and D. C. Pandey, A comparative study of ndbi, ndisi and ndii for extraction of urban impervious surface of dehradun [uttarakhand, india] using landsat 8 imagery, in 2016 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Communication Technologies (ETCT), pp. 1-5, doi:10.1109/ETCT.2016.7882963, 2016
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Herald, M., and D. A. Roberts, Spectral characteristics of asphalt road aging and deterioration: implications for remote-sensing applications., Applied optics, 44(20), 4327-4334, doi:10.1364/AO.44.004327, 2005
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Herald, M., and D. A. Roberts, Spectral characteristics of asphalt road aging and deterioration: implications for remote-sensing applications., Applied optics, 44(20), 4327-4334, doi:10.1364/AO.44.004327, 2005
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Krishnamachari, S., and R. Chellappa, Multiresolution gauss-markov random ﬁeld models for texture segmentation, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 6(2), 251- 267, doi:10.1109/83.551696, 1997
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Krishnamachari, S., and R. Chellappa, Multiresolution gauss-markov random ﬁeld models for texture segmentation, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 6(2), 251- 267, doi:10.1109/83.551696, 1997
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Maselli, F., M. Chiesi, and M. Pieri, A new method to enhance the spatial features of multitemporal ndvi image series, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 57(7), 4967-4979, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2019.2894850, 2019
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Maselli, F., M. Chiesi, and M. Pieri, A new method to enhance the spatial features of multitemporal ndvi image series, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 57(7), 4967-4979, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2019.2894850, 2019
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Parveen, R., S. Kulkarni, and V. D. Mytri, Vegetation extraction based on spectral deviations using an irs-1c liss iii image, in 2016 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET), pp. 158-162, doi:10.1109/WiSPNET.2016.7566111, 2016
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Parveen, R., S. Kulkarni, and V. D. Mytri, Vegetation extraction based on spectral deviations using an irs-1c liss iii image, in 2016 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET), pp. 158-162, doi:10.1109/WiSPNET.2016.7566111, 2016
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Reddy, S. L. K., C. V. Rao, P. R. Kumar, R. V. G. Anjaneyulu, and V. M. Bothale, Automatic road feature extraction using mrf from landsat-8 oli images, in 2019 IEEE Recent Advances in Geoscience and Remote Sensing : Technologies, Standards and Applications (TENGARSS), pp. 15-20, doi:10.1109/TENGARSS48957.2019.8976046, 2019
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Reddy, S. L. K., C. V. Rao, P. R. Kumar, R. V. G. Anjaneyulu, and V. M. Bothale, Automatic road feature extraction using mrf from landsat-8 oli images, in 2019 IEEE Recent Advances in Geoscience and Remote Sensing : Technologies, Standards and Applications (TENGARSS), pp. 15-20, doi:10.1109/TENGARSS48957.2019.8976046, 2019
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Shahi, K., H. Z. Shafri, E. Taherzadeh, S. Mansor, and R. Muniandy, A novel spectral index to automatically extract road networks from worldview2 satellite imagery, The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 18(1), 27-33, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2014.12.003, 2015
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Shahi, K., H. Z. Shafri, E. Taherzadeh, S. Mansor, and R. Muniandy, A novel spectral index to automatically extract road networks from worldview2 satellite imagery, The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 18(1), 27-33, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2014.12.003, 2015
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Singh, P. P., and R. D. Garg, Study of spectral reﬂectance characteristics of asphalt road surface using geomatics techniques, in 2013 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), pp. 516-520, doi:10.1109/ICACCI.2013.6637225, 2013
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Singh, P. P., and R. D. Garg, Study of spectral reﬂectance characteristics of asphalt road surface using geomatics techniques, in 2013 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), pp. 516-520, doi:10.1109/ICACCI.2013.6637225, 2013
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Soille, P., and M. Pesaresi, Advances in mathematical morphology applied to geoscience and remote sensing, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 40(9), 2042-2055, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2002.804618, 2002
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Soille, P., and M. Pesaresi, Advances in mathematical morphology applied to geoscience and remote sensing, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 40(9), 2042-2055, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2002.804618, 2002
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Venkateswarlu, E., T. Sivannarayana, and K. V. Ratna Kumar, A comparative analysis of resourcesat-2 liss3 and landast-8 oli imagery, ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XL-8, 987-989, doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-8-987-2014, 2014
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Venkateswarlu, E., T. Sivannarayana, and K. V. Ratna Kumar, A comparative analysis of resourcesat-2 liss3 and landast-8 oli imagery, ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XL-8, 987-989, doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-8-987-2014, 2014
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Verma, A. K., P. K. Garg, K. S. Hari Prasad, and V. K. Dadhwal, Classiﬁcation of liss iv imagery using decision tree methods , ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLI-B8, 1061-1066, doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B8-1061-2016, 2016
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Verma, A. K., P. K. Garg, K. S. Hari Prasad, and V. K. Dadhwal, Classiﬁcation of liss iv imagery using decision tree methods , ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLI-B8, 1061-1066, doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B8-1061-2016, 2016
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Xu, H., Modiﬁcation of normalised diﬀerence water index (ndwi) to enhance open water features in remotely sensed imagery, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 27(14), 3025-3033, doi:10.1080/01431160600589179, 2007
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Xu, H., Modiﬁcation of normalised diﬀerence water index (ndwi) to enhance open water features in remotely sensed imagery, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 27(14), 3025-3033, doi:10.1080/01431160600589179, 2007
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Zha, Y., J. Gao, and S. Ni, Use of normalized diﬀerence built-up index in automatically mapping urban areas from tm imagery, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24(3), 583-594, doi:10.1080/01431160304987, 2003
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Zha, Y., J. Gao, and S. Ni, Use of normalized diﬀerence built-up index in automatically mapping urban areas from tm imagery, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24(3), 583-594, doi:10.1080/01431160304987, 2003
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
