Russian Journal of Earth Sciences Russian Journal of Earth Sciences Russian Journal of Earth Sciences 1681-1208 46871 ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ ORIGINAL ARTICLES ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ Analysis of solar, interplanetary, and geomagnetic parameters during solar cycles 22, 23, and 24 Analysis of solar, interplanetary, and geomagnetic parameters during solar cycles 22, 23, and 24 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2799-9112 Adhikari Binod Adhikari Binod Subodh Dahal Subodh Dahal Mishra Roshan Kumar Mishra Roshan Kumar Sapkota Nirakar Sapkota Nirakar Chhatkuli Daya Nidhi Chhatkuli Daya Nidhi Sapkota Santosh Ballav Sapkota Santosh Ballav Adhikari Sarala Adhikari Sarala https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5012-8721 Chapagain Narayan P Chapagain Narayan P Xavier College Непал Xavier College Nepal Department of Physics, Himalayan College of Geomatic Engineering and LRM ru Department of Physics, Himalayan College of Geomatic Engineering and LRM ru Department of Physics, St. Xavier's College, Maitighar ru Department of Physics, St. Xavier's College, Maitighar ru Department of Physics, St. Xavier's College, Maitighar ru Department of Physics, St. Xavier's College, Maitighar ru Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus ru Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus ru Department of Physics, St. Xavier's College, Maitighar ru Department of Physics, St. Xavier's College, Maitighar ru Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus ru Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus ru Tribhuvan University Непал Tribhuvan University Nepal 19 1 1 12 10 11 2021 https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/46871/view

We have analyzed the trend of solar, interplanetary, and geomagnetic SIG parameters during solar cycles 22, 23, and 24. The sunspot numbers $R$, solar flux index $F_10.7$ and Lyman Alpha $L$ indicate periodic trend during each solar cycle. In solar cycle 24 sunspot numbers $R$, $F_10.7$, and $L$ show periodic nature, but their peak is low. However, polar cap index PCI has maximum value in the latest solar cycle. We found a positive correlation between PCI and polar cap voltage PCV. This means, during this period, there is a big difference between the maximum and minimum electronic convection potential in the ionosphere. In the solar cycle 24, Sun polar fields had low magnitude compared to cycle 22 and 23. This low solar polar field corresponds to the highest difference between electronic convection potentials. The same low solar polar field also corresponds to low values in $R$, $F_10.7$, and $L$. Through continuous wavelet transform CWT, we found that solar flux, sunspot number, Lyman Alpha all have highest spectral variability from 0 to 100 months. Sunspot number, Lyman Alpha, $F_10.7$ all have a continuous spectral energy of medium and low magnitude. We suggest that these unique condition of SIG parameters have originated from solar activity.

We have analyzed the trend of solar, interplanetary, and geomagnetic SIG parameters during solar cycles 22, 23, and 24. The sunspot numbers $R$, solar flux index $F_10.7$ and Lyman Alpha $L$ indicate periodic trend during each solar cycle. In solar cycle 24 sunspot numbers $R$, $F_10.7$, and $L$ show periodic nature, but their peak is low. However, polar cap index PCI has maximum value in the latest solar cycle. We found a positive correlation between PCI and polar cap voltage PCV. This means, during this period, there is a big difference between the maximum and minimum electronic convection potential in the ionosphere. In the solar cycle 24, Sun polar fields had low magnitude compared to cycle 22 and 23. This low solar polar field corresponds to the highest difference between electronic convection potentials. The same low solar polar field also corresponds to low values in $R$, $F_10.7$, and $L$. Through continuous wavelet transform CWT, we found that solar flux, sunspot number, Lyman Alpha all have highest spectral variability from 0 to 100 months. Sunspot number, Lyman Alpha, $F_10.7$ all have a continuous spectral energy of medium and low magnitude. We suggest that these unique condition of SIG parameters have originated from solar activity.

 Sunspot solar flux cross-correlation wavelet analysis Sunspot solar flux cross-correlation wavelet analysis

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