Russian Journal of Earth Sciences Russian Journal of Earth Sciences Russian Journal of Earth Sciences 1681-1208 49750 10.2205/2022ES000808 ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ ORIGINAL ARTICLES ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ Results of numerical modelling of the problem of video pulse ground penetrating radar research in freshwater bodies Results of numerical modelling of the problem of video pulse ground penetrating radar research in freshwater bodies https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3883-5965 Гулевич Оксана Александровна Gulevich Oxana Aleksandrovna oxana.gulevich@mail.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-1053 Волкомирская Людмила Борисовна Volkomirskaya Liudmila B mila.48@inbox.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Мингалев Игорь Викторович Mingalev Igor Viktorovich mingalev_i@pgia.ru

доктор физико-математических наук;

doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Варенков Владимир Викторович Varenkov Vladimir Viktorovich varenkov@mail.ru Суворова Зоя Викторовна Suvorova Zoya Viktorovna suvorova@pgia.ru Ахметов Олег Иршатович Akhmetov Oleg Irshatovich akhmetov@pgia.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Мингалев Олег Викторович Mingalev Oleg Viktorovich mingalev_o@pgia.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Резников Александр Евгеньевич Gulevich Oxana Evgenievich alex_reznikov@inbox.ru

доктор физико-математических наук;

doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Институт земного магнетизма, ионосферы и распространения радиоволн им. Н.В. Пушкова РАН (ИЗМИРАН) Москва Россия Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN) Moscow Russian Federation ООО «Таймер» Moscow Россия Timer LLC Moscow Russian Federation МГУ им М.Ю. Ломоносова Россия MSU Russian Federation Институт земного магнетизма, ионосферы и распространения радиоволн им. Н.В. Пушкова РАН (ИЗМИРАН) Россия IZMIRAN Russian Federation Полярный геофизический институт РАН Апатиты Россия Polar Geophysical Institute RAS Apatity Russian Federation Мурманский арктический государственный университет Апатиты Россия Murmansk Arctic State University Apatity Russian Federation Институт земного магнетизма, ионосферы и распространения радиоволн им. Н.В. Пушкова РАН (ИЗМИРАН) Москва Россия IZMIRAN Moscow Russian Federation Полярный геофизический институт РАН Апатиты Россия Polar Geophysical Institute RAS Apatity Russian Federation Полярный геофизический институт РАН Апатиты Россия Polar Geophysical Institute RAS Apatity Russian Federation Полярный геофизический институт РАН Апатиты Россия Polar Geophysical Institute RAS Apatity Russian Federation Мурманский арктический государственный университет Апатиты Россия Murmansk Arctic State University Apatity Russian Federation Институт земного магнетизма, ионосферы и распространения радиоволн им. Н.В. Пушкова РАН (ИЗМИРАН) Москва Россия IZMIRAN Moscow Russian Federation 26 09 2022 26 09 2022 22 4 1 6 12 04 2022 27 07 2022 https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/49750/view

Ground-penetrating radar profiling on the surface of water bodies is applied in various geological and engineering studies. Here, we present the results of numerical simulation of the propagation of a video pulse electromagnetic signal in a freshwater body with gradients of the permittivity and electrical conductivity in the near-bottom layer. The method of numerical solutions of Maxwell's equations in the time domain is applied, in the general setting for rapidly changing processes, without restrictions on the magnitude of the change in the parameters of the medium. The results make it possible to explain the apparent decrease in water depth according to GPR data in comparison with the true depth and the appearance of additional reflecting boundaries on radargrams in the bottom layer.

Ground-penetrating radar profiling on the surface of water bodies is applied in various geological and engineering studies. Here, we present the results of numerical simulation of the propagation of a video pulse electromagnetic signal in a freshwater body with gradients of the permittivity and electrical conductivity in the near-bottom layer. The method of numerical solutions of Maxwell's equations in the time domain is applied, in the general setting for rapidly changing processes, without restrictions on the magnitude of the change in the parameters of the medium. The results make it possible to explain the apparent decrease in water depth according to GPR data in comparison with the true depth and the appearance of additional reflecting boundaries on radargrams in the bottom layer.

 GPR numerical modelling video pulse water depth

Archer D.G., Wang P. (1990), The Dielectric Constant of Water and Debye-Hückel Limiting Law Slopes. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. Vol. 19, 371-411, doi:10.1063/1.555853 Archer D.G., Wang P. (1990), The Dielectric Constant of Water and Debye-Hückel Limiting Law Slopes. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. Vol. 19, 371-411, doi:10.1063/1.555853 Bristow, C.S., Jol H.M. (2003), An introduction to ground penetrating radar (GPR) in sediments. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. Vol. 211, 1-7, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240675354_An_introduction_to_ground_penetrating_radar_GPR_in_sediments Bristow, C.S., Jol H.M. (2003), An introduction to ground penetrating radar (GPR) in sediments. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. Vol. 211, 1-7, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240675354_An_introduction_to_ground_penetrating_radar_GPR_in_sediments Bobrov N.Yu., Dmitriev V.V., Krylov S.S., Parshina T.V., Pryahina G.V., Fedorova I.V. (2008), On the possibility of georadiolocation application for hydrological investigations in the river mouth areas. Vestnik of SPbSU. Series7. Geography and Geology. Issue 2, 76-81. (In Russian) Bobrov N.Yu., Dmitriev V.V., Krylov S.S., Parshina T.V., Pryahina G.V., Fedorova I.V. (2008), On the possibility of georadiolocation application for hydrological investigations in the river mouth areas. Vestnik of SPbSU. Series7. Geography and Geology. Issue 2, 76-81. (In Russian) Catenaccio, A., Daruich Y, Magallanes C. (2003), Temperature dependence of the permittivity of water. Chemical Physics Letters. Vol. 367. 669-671, doi:10.1016/S0009-2614(02)01735-9 Catenaccio, A., Daruich Y, Magallanes C. (2003), Temperature dependence of the permittivity of water. Chemical Physics Letters. Vol. 367. 669-671, doi:10.1016/S0009-2614(02)01735-9 Giannopoulos A. (2005), Modelling ground penetrating radar by GprMax. Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 19, No. 10, pp. 755-762, doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.06.007 Giannopoulos A. (2005), Modelling ground penetrating radar by GprMax. Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 19, No. 10, pp. 755-762, doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.06.007 Gulevich O.A. (2020), About scanning depth in georadiolocation considering the phenomenon of interference. Zhurnal Radioelektroniki - Journal of Radio Electronics. No.9, doi:10.30898/1684-1719.2020.9.8 (In Russian) Gulevich O.A. (2020), About scanning depth in georadiolocation considering the phenomenon of interference. Zhurnal Radioelektroniki - Journal of Radio Electronics. No.9, doi:10.30898/1684-1719.2020.9.8 (In Russian) Gulevich O.A., Volkomirskaya L.B., Reznikov A.E., Varenkov V.V. (2021), Typical effects of the registration technology implemented in the GPR receiver. NSG2021 Conference Proceedings, 27th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, Aug 2021. Vol. 2021, 1-5, doi:10.3997/2214-4609.202120153 Gulevich O.A., Volkomirskaya L.B., Reznikov A.E., Varenkov V.V. (2021), Typical effects of the registration technology implemented in the GPR receiver. NSG2021 Conference Proceedings, 27th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, Aug 2021. Vol. 2021, 1-5, doi:10.3997/2214-4609.202120153 Jol H.M., Smith D.G. (1991), Ground penetrating radar of northern lacustrine deltas. Canadian Journal of Earth Science. Vol. 28, 1939-1947, doi:10.1139/e91-175 Jol H.M., Smith D.G. (1991), Ground penetrating radar of northern lacustrine deltas. Canadian Journal of Earth Science. Vol. 28, 1939-1947, doi:10.1139/e91-175 Kane S.Y. (1966), Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell's equations in isotropic media. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. Vol. 14. No. 3, 302-307. http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~lovetrij/cECE7810/Papers/Yee%201966%20HiRes.pdf Kane S.Y. (1966), Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell's equations in isotropic media. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. Vol. 14. No. 3, 302-307. http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~lovetrij/cECE7810/Papers/Yee%201966%20HiRes.pdf Mingalev I.V., Mingalev O.V., Akhmetov O.I., Suvorova Z.V. (2019), Explicit Splitting Scheme for Maxwell’s Equations. Mathematical Models and Computer Simulations. Vol. 11. 551-563, doi:10.1134/S2070048219040094 Mingalev I.V., Mingalev O.V., Akhmetov O.I., Suvorova Z.V. (2019), Explicit Splitting Scheme for Maxwell’s Equations. Mathematical Models and Computer Simulations. Vol. 11. 551-563, doi:10.1134/S2070048219040094 Owen B.B.; Miller R.C., Milner C.E., Cogan H.L. (1961), The Dielectric Constant Of Water As A Function Of Temperature And Pressure. J. Phys. Chem. Vol. 65 (11), 2065-2070, doi:10.1021/j100828a035 Owen B.B.; Miller R.C., Milner C.E., Cogan H.L. (1961), The Dielectric Constant Of Water As A Function Of Temperature And Pressure. J. Phys. Chem. Vol. 65 (11), 2065-2070, doi:10.1021/j100828a035 Paul D.L., Railton C.J. (2012), Spherical ADI FDTD method with application to propagation in the Earth ionosphere cavity. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. Vol. 60. No. 1, 310-317, doi:10.1109/TAP.2011.2167940 Paul D.L., Railton C.J. (2012), Spherical ADI FDTD method with application to propagation in the Earth ionosphere cavity. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. Vol. 60. No. 1, 310-317, doi:10.1109/TAP.2011.2167940 Schwarzburg A.B. (1998), Video pulses and non-periodic waves in dispersing media (exactly solvable models). Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk, Vol. 168, No. 1, 85-103. (In Russian) Schwarzburg A.B. (1998), Video pulses and non-periodic waves in dispersing media (exactly solvable models). Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk, Vol. 168, No. 1, 85-103. (In Russian) Simpson J.J., Taflove A. (2007), A review of progress in FDTD Maxwell's equations modeling of impulsive subionospheric propagation below 300 kHz. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. Vol. 55. No. 6, 1582-1590, doi:10.1109/TAP.2007.897138 Simpson J.J., Taflove A. (2007), A review of progress in FDTD Maxwell's equations modeling of impulsive subionospheric propagation below 300 kHz. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. Vol. 55. No. 6, 1582-1590, doi:10.1109/TAP.2007.897138 Simpson J.J. (2009), Current and future applications of 3-D global Earth-ionospheric models based on the full-vector Maxwell's equations FDTD method. Surveys Geophys. Vol. 30(2), 105-130, doi:10.1007/s10712-009-9063-5 Simpson J.J. (2009), Current and future applications of 3-D global Earth-ionospheric models based on the full-vector Maxwell's equations FDTD method. Surveys Geophys. Vol. 30(2), 105-130, doi:10.1007/s10712-009-9063-5 Smith D.G., Jol H.M. (1992), Ground penetrating radar investigation of Lake Bonneville Delta, Provo Level, Brigham City, Utah. Geology. Vol. 20, 1083-1086, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1992)0202.3.CO;2 Smith D.G., Jol H.M. (1992), Ground penetrating radar investigation of Lake Bonneville Delta, Provo Level, Brigham City, Utah. Geology. Vol. 20, 1083-1086, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1992)0202.3.CO;2 Somaraju R., Trumpf J. (2006), Frequency, Temperature and Salinity Variation of the Permittivity of Seawater. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. Vol. 54, 3441-3448, doi:10.1109/TAP.2006.884290 Somaraju R., Trumpf J. (2006), Frequency, Temperature and Salinity Variation of the Permittivity of Seawater. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. Vol. 54, 3441-3448, doi:10.1109/TAP.2006.884290 Warren C., Giannopoulos A., Giannakis I. (2016), gprMax: Open source software to simulate electromagnetic wave propagation for Ground Penetrating Radar. Computer Physics Communications. Vol. 209, 163-170, doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2016.08.020 Warren C., Giannopoulos A., Giannakis I. (2016), gprMax: Open source software to simulate electromagnetic wave propagation for Ground Penetrating Radar. Computer Physics Communications. Vol. 209, 163-170, doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2016.08.020 Yu Y., Simpson J.J. (2010), An E-J collocated 3-D FDTD model of electromagnetic wave propagation in magnetized cold plasma. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. Vol. 58, No. 2, 469-478, doi:10.1109/TAP.2009.2037706 Yu Y., Simpson J.J. (2010), An E-J collocated 3-D FDTD model of electromagnetic wave propagation in magnetized cold plasma. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. Vol. 58, No. 2, 469-478, doi:10.1109/TAP.2009.2037706