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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">1681-1208</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">56609</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2205/2023ES000859</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">igmqvp</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">REE Speciation in Fluoride-Carbonate-Chloride Cooling Hydrothermal Fluids in the Presence of Barite and Celestine (Thermodynamic Modeling)</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Формы переноса РЗЭ фторидно-карбонатно-хлоридными охлаждающимися гидротермальными флюидами в присутствии барита и целестина (термодинамическое моделирование)</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2870-2069</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Широносова</surname>
       <given-names>Галина Петровна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Shironosova</surname>
       <given-names>Galina Petrovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>shiron@igm.nsc.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат геолого-минералогических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of geological and mineralogical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3162-7538</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Прокопьев</surname>
       <given-names>Илья Романович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Prokopyev</surname>
       <given-names>Ilya Romanovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>prokopev_ilya@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат геолого-минералогических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of geological and mineralogical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт геологии и минералогии им. В.С. Соболева СО РАН</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy. Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский государственный университет</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State University</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>15</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>15</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>23</volume>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <fpage>1</fpage>
   <lpage>16</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-11T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>11</day>
     <month>01</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-03T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>03</day>
     <month>07</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/56609/view">https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/56609/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Термодинамическое исследование проведено с целью определения для всего ряда лантаноидов форм переноса при изменяющихся параметрах гидротермального флюида умеренной концентрации хлоридной, карбонатной и фторидной составляющих. Моделировался процесс, в ходе которого гидротермальный раствор, охлаждающийся от 500 до 100 ∘C, воздействовал на барит и целестин, которые использованы в качестве источника сульфатной серы, монацит – в качестве источника редкоземельных элементов (РЗЭ) и фосфора, и кальцит – в качестве источника кальция. Установлено, что в слабокислых условиях (pH около 4,1) равновесная минеральная ассоциация представлена редкоземельным флюоритом, монацитом, редкоземельным фторапатитом и Sr-содержащим баритом. В высокотемпературной области для легких и средних РЗЭ ведущим является первый хлорокомплекс LnCl+2. Для тяжелых РЗЭ на первое место выходит второй фторокомплекс LnF+2, у тербия и диспрозия выявлено резкое преобладание сульфатного комплекса. Особая картина наблюдается при 100 ∘C: лидирующую позицию занимает акватированный катион Ln+3 и для легких, и для тяжелых РЗЭ в силу ослабления комплексообразования. В случае слабощелочного флюида (pH около 7,1) равновесная минеральная ассоциация представлена кальцитом, монацитом, РЗЭ-флюоритом, РЗЭ-фторапатитом, Sr-содержащим баритом и стронцианитом. Появление последнего в природных ассоциациях может служить указанием на повышенную щелочность среды рудообразования. В равновесном слабощелочном флюиде вплоть до 200 ∘C для всех РЗЭ превалирующими оказываются гидроксокомплексы при соотношении Ln(OH)03&gt; Ln(OH)+2. За ними следуют для легких РЗЭ при 500–400 ∘C первый хлорокомплекс, для средних и тяжелых – второй фторокомплекс. При 100 ∘C концентрация гидроксокомплексов резко уменьшается, и на первое место выходят фторо- и карбонатный комплексы. В целом наблюдается повышенная устойчивость первого хлорокомплекса в высокотемпературной области, а с понижением температуры усиливается роль фторокомплексов РЗЭ. Два варианта расчетов по кислотности-щелочности предположительно соответствуют моделированию воздействия двух типов флюидов: грейзенезирующего-слабокислого и карбонатитообразующего-слабощелочного.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>A thermodynamic study was carried out in order to determine the forms of transport for the entire series of lanthanides and their ratio with changing parameters of a hydrothermal fluid of moderate concentrations of chloride, carbonate and fluoride components. Hydrothermal solution, cooling from 500 to 100 ∘C, affected barite and celestine, which are used as a source of sulfate sulfur, monazite as a source of rare earth elements (REE) and phosphorus, and calcite as a source of calcium. It has been established that, under weakly acidic (pH about 4.1) conditions, the equilibrium mineral association is represented by rare earth fluorite, monazite, rare earth fluorapatite, and strontiobarite. In the high-temperature region for light and medium REE, the leading is the first chlorocomplex LnCl+2. For heavy REE, the second fluorine complex LnF+2 takes the first place, except for terbium and dysprosium, for which a sharp predominance of the sulfate complex is revealed. A special picture is observed at 100 ∘C: the leading position is occupied by Ln+3 for both light and heavy REE. In the case of a near neutral weakly alkaline fluid (pH about 7.1), the equilibrium mineral association is represented by calcite, monazite, REE-fluorite, REE-fluorapatite, strontiobarite, and strontianite. The appearance of the latter in natural associations may serve as an indication of the increased alkalinity of the ore-forming environment. In an equilibrium weakly alkaline fluid up to 200 ∘C, hydroxocomplexes are prevalent for all REEs with the ratio Ln(OH)03&gt; Ln(OH)+2. The first chloro complex for light REE at 500–400 ∘C, and the second fluoro complex for medium and heavy REEs follow them. At 100 ∘C, the concentration of hydroxocomplexes sharply decreases, and fluorine and carbonate complexes come to the fore. In general, there is an increased stability of the first chlorocomplex in the high-temperature region, and with decreasing temperature, the role of REE fluorocomplexes increases. Two variants of acidity-alkalinity calculations presumably correspond to modeling of two types of fluids: greisenizing – weakly acidic and carbonatite-forming – weakly alkaline.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>лантаноиды</kwd>
    <kwd>формы переноса</kwd>
    <kwd>гидротермальные флюиды</kwd>
    <kwd>монацит</kwd>
    <kwd>редкоземельный флюорит</kwd>
    <kwd>фторапатит</kwd>
    <kwd>барит</kwd>
    <kwd>целестин</kwd>
    <kwd>стронцианит</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>lanthanides</kwd>
    <kwd>transport forms</kwd>
    <kwd>hydrothermal fluids</kwd>
    <kwd>monazite</kwd>
    <kwd>rare earth fluorite</kwd>
    <kwd>rare earth fluorapatite</kwd>
    <kwd>barite</kwd>
    <kwd>celestine</kwd>
    <kwd>strontianite</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы благодарны рецензентам за ценные замечания, что позволило улучшить качество работы. Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ИГМ СО РАН (122041400241-5). Численные эксперименты в щелочных системах проведены за счет средств гранта РНФ 22-17-00078.</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors are grateful to the reviewers for their valuable comments, which allowed us to improve the quality of the work. The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (122041400241-5). Numerical experiments in alkaline systems were carried out with funds from the Russian Science Foundation grant 22-17-00078.</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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