<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">1681-1208</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">64598</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2205/2023ES000860</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Strait of Kara Gates: A Region of Strong Internal Tides in the Arctic Seas</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Strait of Kara Gates: A Region of Strong Internal Tides in the Arctic Seas</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-3454</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Морозов</surname>
       <given-names>Евгений Георгиевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Morozov</surname>
       <given-names>Eugene Georgievich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>egmorozov@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8141-9513</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Фрей</surname>
       <given-names>Дмитрий И</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Frey</surname>
       <given-names>Dmitry I</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-08-14T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>14</day>
    <month>08</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-08-14T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>14</day>
    <month>08</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>23</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>1</fpage>
   <lpage>7</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-05-19T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>19</day>
     <month>05</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-10T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>10</day>
     <month>07</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/64598/view">https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/64598/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>This is a review paper about measurements of internal tides in the Kara Gates Strait. Kara Gates is one of the straits where intense internal tides are generated by tidal currents overflowing the transversal sill of the strait. Tidal currents are superimposed on a constant current from the Barents to the Kara Sea. Field studies of internal waves in the strait were carried out in 1997, 2007, and 2015. Analysis of measurements on moorings and towed CTD in scanning mode is presented. Field studies are supported by model simulations of generation and propagation of internal tides.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>This is a review paper about measurements of internal tides in the Kara Gates Strait. Kara Gates is one of the straits where intense internal tides are generated by tidal currents overflowing the transversal sill of the strait. Tidal currents are superimposed on a constant current from the Barents to the Kara Sea. Field studies of internal waves in the strait were carried out in 1997, 2007, and 2015. Analysis of measurements on moorings and towed CTD in scanning mode is presented. Field studies are supported by model simulations of generation and propagation of internal tides.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Kara Gates</kwd>
    <kwd>internal tides</kwd>
    <kwd>model simulation</kwd>
    <kwd>towed CTD</kwd>
    <kwd>moorings</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study has been carried out within the Federal Climate and Ecology Program through the State Agreement FMWE-2023-0002 (monitoring of the environment) and Russian Science Foundation grant no. 21-17-00278 (modeling of internal waves).</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brandt, P., W. Alpers, and J. O. Backhaus (1996), Study of the generation and propagation of internal waves in the Strait of Gibraltar using a numerical model and synthetic aperture radar images of the European ERS 1 satellite, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 101(C6), 14,237-14,252, https://doi.org/10.1029/96jc00540.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brandt, P., W. Alpers, and J. O. Backhaus (1996), Study of the generation and propagation of internal waves in the Strait of Gibraltar using a numerical model and synthetic aperture radar images of the European ERS 1 satellite, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 101(C6), 14,237-14,252, https://doi.org/10.1029/96jc00540.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bryden, H. L., J. Candela, and T. H. Kinder (1994), Exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar, Progress in Oceanography, 33(3), 201-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(94)90028-0.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bryden, H. L., J. Candela, and T. H. Kinder (1994), Exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar, Progress in Oceanography, 33(3), 201-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(94)90028-0.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carpenter, W. B., and J. G. Jeffreys (1871), Report on deep-sea researches carried on during the months of July, August, and September 1870, in H. M. surveying-ship ‘Porcupine’, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 19(123-129), 145-221, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1870.0024.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carpenter, W. B., and J. G. Jeffreys (1871), Report on deep-sea researches carried on during the months of July, August, and September 1870, in H. M. surveying-ship ‘Porcupine’, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 19(123-129), 145-221, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1870.0024.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dobrovolsky, A. D., and B. S. Zalogin (1982), Seas of the USSR, 192 pp., Moscow State University, Moscow (in Russian). Egbert, G. D., and S. Y. Erofeeva (2002), Efficient Inverse Modeling of Barotropic Ocean Tides, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 19(2), 183-204, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019&lt;0183:EIMOBO&gt;2.0.CO;2.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dobrovolsky, A. D., and B. S. Zalogin (1982), Seas of the USSR, 192 pp., Moscow State University, Moscow (in Russian). Egbert, G. D., and S. Y. Erofeeva (2002), Efficient Inverse Modeling of Barotropic Ocean Tides, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 19(2), 183-204, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019&lt;0183:EIMOBO&gt;2.0.CO;2.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frey, D., V. Krechik, A. Gordey, S. Gladyshev, D. Churin, I. Drozd, A. Osadchiev, S. Kashin, E. Morozov, and D. Smirnova (2023), Austral summer circulation in the Bransfield Strait based on SADCP measurements and satellite altimetry, Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1111541.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frey, D., V. Krechik, A. Gordey, S. Gladyshev, D. Churin, I. Drozd, A. Osadchiev, S. Kashin, E. Morozov, and D. Smirnova (2023), Austral summer circulation in the Bransfield Strait based on SADCP measurements and satellite altimetry, Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1111541.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hibiya, T. (1990), Generation mechanism of internal waves by a vertically sheared tidal flow over a sill, Journal of Geophysical Research, 95(C2), 1757, https://doi.org/10.1029/jc095ic02p01757.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hibiya, T. (1990), Generation mechanism of internal waves by a vertically sheared tidal flow over a sill, Journal of Geophysical Research, 95(C2), 1757, https://doi.org/10.1029/jc095ic02p01757.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jarosz, E., C. A. Blain, S. P. Murray, and M. Inoue (2005), Barotropic tides in the Bab el Mandab Strait-numerical simulations, Continental Shelf Research, 25(10), 1225-1247, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2004.12.017.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jarosz, E., C. A. Blain, S. P. Murray, and M. Inoue (2005), Barotropic tides in the Bab el Mandab Strait-numerical simulations, Continental Shelf Research, 25(10), 1225-1247, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2004.12.017.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kagan, B. A., and A. A. Timofeev (2015), Modeling of the Stationary Circulation and Semidiurnal Surface and Internal Tides in the Strait of Kara Gates, Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics, 8(3), 72-79 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kagan, B. A., and A. A. Timofeev (2015), Modeling of the Stationary Circulation and Semidiurnal Surface and Internal Tides in the Strait of Kara Gates, Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics, 8(3), 72-79 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khimchenko, E. E., D. I. Frey, and E. G. Morozov (2020), Tidal internal waves in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 20(2), 1-6, https://doi.org/10.2205/2020ES000711.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khimchenko, E. E., D. I. Frey, and E. G. Morozov (2020), Tidal internal waves in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 20(2), 1-6, https://doi.org/10.2205/2020ES000711.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">La Violette, P. E., and R. A. Arnone (1988), A tide-generated internal waveform in the western approaches to the Strait of Gibraltar, Journal of Geophysical Research, 93(C12), 15,653, https://doi.org/10.1029/jc093ic12p15653.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">La Violette, P. E., and R. A. Arnone (1988), A tide-generated internal waveform in the western approaches to the Strait of Gibraltar, Journal of Geophysical Research, 93(C12), 15,653, https://doi.org/10.1029/jc093ic12p15653.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lacombe, H., and C. Richez (1982), The Regime of the Strait of Gibraltar, in Hydrodynamics of Semi-Enclosed Seas, Proceedings of the 13th International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Hydrodynamics, pp. 13-73, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1 016/s0422-9894(08)71237-6.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lacombe, H., and C. Richez (1982), The Regime of the Strait of Gibraltar, in Hydrodynamics of Semi-Enclosed Seas, Proceedings of the 13th International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Hydrodynamics, pp. 13-73, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1 016/s0422-9894(08)71237-6.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morozov, E. G., and V. T. Paka (2010), Internal waves in a high-latitude region, Oceanology, 50(5), 668-674, https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001437010050048.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozov, E. G., and V. T. Paka (2010), Internal waves in a high-latitude region, Oceanology, 50(5), 668-674, https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001437010050048.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morozov, E. G., and S. V. Pisarev (2002), Internal tides at the Arctic latitudes (numerical experiments), Oceanology, 42(2), 153-161.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozov, E. G., and S. V. Pisarev (2002), Internal tides at the Arctic latitudes (numerical experiments), Oceanology, 42(2), 153-161.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morozov, E. G., and V. I. Vlasenko (1996), Extreme tidal internal waves near the Mascarene ridge, Journal of Marine Systems, 9(3), 203-210, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(95)00042-9.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozov, E. G., and V. I. Vlasenko (1996), Extreme tidal internal waves near the Mascarene ridge, Journal of Marine Systems, 9(3), 203-210, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(95)00042-9.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morozov, E. G., V. G. Neiman, and A. D. Shcherbinin (2003a), Internal tide in the Kara Strait, Doklady Earth Sciences, 393(9), 1312-1314.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozov, E. G., V. G. Neiman, and A. D. Shcherbinin (2003a), Internal tide in the Kara Strait, Doklady Earth Sciences, 393(9), 1312-1314.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morozov, E. G., G. Parrilla-Barrera, M. G. Velarde, and A. D. Scherbinin (2003b), The straits of Gibraltar and Kara Gates: a comparison of internal tides, Oceanologica Acta, 26(3), 231-241, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0399-1784(03)00023-9.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozov, E. G., G. Parrilla-Barrera, M. G. Velarde, and A. D. Scherbinin (2003b), The straits of Gibraltar and Kara Gates: a comparison of internal tides, Oceanologica Acta, 26(3), 231-241, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0399-1784(03)00023-9.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morozov, E. G., V. T. Paka, and V. V. Bakhanov (2008), Strong internal tides in the Kara Gates Strait, Geophysical Research Letters, 35(16), https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl033804.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozov, E. G., V. T. Paka, and V. V. Bakhanov (2008), Strong internal tides in the Kara Gates Strait, Geophysical Research Letters, 35(16), https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl033804.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morozov, E. G., I. E. Kozlov, S. A. Shchuka, and D. I. Frey (2017), Internal tide in the Kara Gates Strait, Oceanology, 57(1), 8-18, https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001437017010106.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozov, E. G., I. E. Kozlov, S. A. Shchuka, and D. I. Frey (2017), Internal tide in the Kara Gates Strait, Oceanology, 57(1), 8-18, https://doi.org/10.1134/s0001437017010106.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murray, S. P., and W. Johns (1997), Direct observations of seasonal exchange through the Bab el Mandab Strait, Geophysical Research Letters, 24(21), 2557-2560, https://doi.org/10.1029/97gl02741.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murray, S. P., and W. Johns (1997), Direct observations of seasonal exchange through the Bab el Mandab Strait, Geophysical Research Letters, 24(21), 2557-2560, https://doi.org/10.1029/97gl02741.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parks, T. W., and C. S. Burrus (1987), Digital filter design, 343 pp., John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parks, T. W., and C. S. Burrus (1987), Digital filter design, 343 pp., John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shokalsky, Y. M. (1959), Oceanography, 537 pp., Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shokalsky, Y. M. (1959), Oceanography, 537 pp., Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith, W. H. F., and D. T. Sandwell (1997), Global sea floor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings, http://topex.ucsd.edu/cgi-bin/get_data.cgi, (last accessed in January 2023).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith, W. H. F., and D. T. Sandwell (1997), Global sea floor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings, http://topex.ucsd.edu/cgi-bin/get_data.cgi, (last accessed in January 2023).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Terziev, F. S., G. V. Girdyuk, G. G. Zykova, and S. L. Dzhenyuk (Eds.) (1990), Hydrometeorology and Hydrochemistry of the USSR Seas. Vol. 1: The Barents Sea, Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Terziev, F. S., G. V. Girdyuk, G. G. Zykova, and S. L. Dzhenyuk (Eds.) (1990), Hydrometeorology and Hydrochemistry of the USSR Seas. Vol. 1: The Barents Sea, Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vlasenko, V. I. (1992), Non-linear model for the generation of baroclinic tides over extensive inhomogeneities of the seabed relief, Soviet Journal of Physical Oceanography, 3(6), 417-424, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02197556.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlasenko, V. I. (1992), Non-linear model for the generation of baroclinic tides over extensive inhomogeneities of the seabed relief, Soviet Journal of Physical Oceanography, 3(6), 417-424, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02197556.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watson, G. (1994), Internal Waves in a Stratified Shear Flow: The Strait of Gibraltar, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 24(2), 509-517, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1994)024&lt;0509:iwiass&gt;2.0.co;2.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watson, G. (1994), Internal Waves in a Stratified Shear Flow: The Strait of Gibraltar, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 24(2), 509-517, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1994)024&lt;0509:iwiass&gt;2.0.co;2.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
