Russian Journal of Earth Sciences Russian Journal of Earth Sciences Russian Journal of Earth Sciences 1681-1208 66025 10.2205/2023ES000824 ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ ORIGINAL ARTICLES ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ Influence of Space Weather on the Reliability of the Transport System Functioning at High Latitudes Влияние космической погоды на надежность функционирования транспортных систем на высоких широтах https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-7465 Пилипенко Вячеслав Анатольевич Pilipenko Vyacheslav Anatolievich space.soliton@gmail.com

доктор физико-математических наук;

doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Черников А. А. Chernikov A. A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6476-9471 Соловьев Анатолий Александрович Soloviev Anatoly Aleksandrovich a.soloviev@gcras.ru

доктор физико-математических наук;

doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;

 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0678-8743 Ягова Надежда Викторовна Yagova Nadezda Viktorovna nyagova@ifz.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Сахаров Ярослав Алексеевич Sakharov Yaroslav Alekseevich sakharov@pgia.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9174-224X Кудин Дмитрий Владимирович Kudin Dmitriy Vladimirovich Костарев Данила Владимирович Kostarev Danila Vladimirovich kostarev@iszf.irk.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0825-151X Козырева Ольга Васильевна Kozyreva Olga Vasilyevna kozyreva@ifz.ru

доктор физико-математических наук;

doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Воробьев А. В. Vorobev A. V. Белов Анатолий Владимирович Belov Anatoliy Vladimirovich abelov@izmiran.ru

кандидат физико-математических наук;

candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;

 Институт физики Земли им. О.Ю. Шмидта РАН Москва Россия Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth RAS Moscow Russian Federation Геофизический центр РАН Москва Россия Geophysical Center RAS Moscow Russian Federation Институт космических исследований Москва Россия Space Research Institute Moscow Russian Federation Научно-исследовательский институт информатизации и связи на железнодорожном транспорте (НИИАС РЖД) Москва Россия Research and Design Institute for Information Technology, Signalling and Telecommunications on Railway Transport (JSC «NIIAS») Moscow Russian Federation Геофизический центр РАН Москва Россия Geophysical Center RAS Moscow Russian Federation Институт физики Земли им. О. Ю. Шмидта РАН Москва Россия Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth RAS Moscow Russian Federation Институт физики Земли им. О.Ю. Шмидта РАН Москва Россия Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth RAS Moscow Russian Federation Геофизический центр РАН Москва Россия Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation Полярный Геофизический Институт Апатиты Россия Polar Geophysical Institute Apatity Russian Federation Центр физико-технических проблем энергетики Севера КНЦ РАН Апатиты Россия Nothern Energetics Research Centre KSC RAS Apatity Russian Federation Геофизический центр РАН Москва Россия Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation Геофизический центр РАН Москва Россия Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation Институт солнечно-земной физики СО РАН Иркутск Россия Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS Irkutsk Russian Federation Геофизический центр РАН Москва Россия Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation Институт физики Земли им. О.Ю. Шмидта РАН Москва Россия Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, RAS Moscow Russian Federation Геофизический центр РАН Москва Россия Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation Уфимский университет науки и технологий Уфа Россия Ufa University of Science and Technology Ufa Russian Federation Институт земного магнетизма, ионосферы и распространения радиоволн им. Н.В. Пушкова РАН Троицк, Москва Россия Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation, RAS Troitsk, Moscow Russian Federation 29 06 2023 29 06 2023 23 2 1 34 31 10 2022 27 02 2023 https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/66025/view

Предлагаемый впервые в отечественной научной литературе обзор посвящен различным аспектам проблемы воздействия космической погоды на наземные транспортные системы. Анализ имеющейся информации показывает, что возмущения космической погоды могут повлиять на железнодорожную инфраструктуру как из-за прямого, так и косвенного воздействия на компоненты системы. Одним из основных факторов являются геоиндуцированные токи в заземленных протяженных конструкциях, возбуждаемые при возмущениях геомагнитного поля. Связанные с ними теллурические электрические поля и токи могут вызывать нарушения электроснабжения и сбои в функционировании рельсовых цепей железнодорожной автоматики. Косвенное воздействие возможно через нарушения стабильной подачи электроэнергии, нарушения в системах связи и в появлении ошибок местоопределения в навигационных спутниковых системах. В обзоре приведены необходимые для инженеров транспортных и энергетических систем сведения об основных факторах космической погоды, которые могли бы представлять угрозу для таких систем. Приведены примеры влияния геомагнитных возмущений на работу сигнализации северных участков Российских железных дорог (РЖД). Обсуждаются перспективы мониторинга в реальном времени и\textbf{?} прогноза космической погоды и полярных сияний для нужд РЖД.

The review offered for the first time in the Russian scientific literature is devoted to various aspects of the problem of the impact of space weather on ground transport systems. An analysis of available information indicates that space weather disturbances can affect rail infrastructure through both direct and indirect effects on system components. One of the main hazards is geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in grounded extended structures excited by the geomagnetic field disturbances. The telluric electric fields and currents associated with them can cause power outages and malfunctions in the railway automation track circuits. Indirect impact is possible through disturbances in the stable supply of electricity, disturbances in communication systems and in the appearance of positioning errors in global navigation satellite systems. The review provides information necessary for engineers of transport and energy systems about the main factors of space weather that could pose a threat to such systems. Examples of the influence of geomagnetic disturbances on the automatic signaling of the northern sections of Russian Railways are given. The prospects for monitoring space weather and the aurora oval for the needs of Russian Railways are discussed.

 космическая погода железнодорожная автоматика геоиндуцированные токи глобальные навигационные спутниковые системы радиосвязь магнитные бури space weather railway automation geoinduced currents global navigation satellite systems radio communication magnetic storms Работа выполнена в рамках гранта РНФ 21-77-30010 RSF 21-77-30010

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