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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">1681-1208</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">69616</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2205/2023ES000883</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">uomrdc</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Global Ocean Forecast Accuracy Improvement Due to Optimal Sensor Placement</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Улучшение точности прогноза состояния Мирового океана за счет оптимального расположения измерителей</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8039-9087</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Турко</surname>
       <given-names>Никита Андреевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Turko</surname>
       <given-names>Nikita Andreevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>nikitaturko@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>аспирант физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>graduate student of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9522-9996</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Лобашев</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Алексеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Lobashev</surname>
       <given-names>Aleksandr Alekseevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8454-9927</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ушаков</surname>
       <given-names>Константин Викторович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Ushakov</surname>
       <given-names>Konstantin Viktorovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0921-3630</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Кауркин</surname>
       <given-names>Максим Николаевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kaurkin</surname>
       <given-names>Maksim Nikolaevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4023-2257</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Кальницкий</surname>
       <given-names>Леонид Юрьевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kal'nickiy</surname>
       <given-names>Leonid Yur'evich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8079-168X</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Сёмин</surname>
       <given-names>Сергей Алексеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Semin</surname>
       <given-names>Sergey Alekseevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9099-4541</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ибраев</surname>
       <given-names>Рашит Ахметзиевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Ibraev</surname>
       <given-names>Rashit Ahmetzievich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Сколковский институт науки и технологий</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Сколковский институт науки и технологий</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Московский физико-технический институт (НИУ)</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Московский физико-технический институт (НИУ)</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-7">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт проблем безопасного развития атомной энергетики РАН</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Институт проблем безопасного развития атомной энергетики РАН</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-8">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт вычислительной математики им. Г.И. Марчука РАН</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Институт вычислительной математики им. Г.И. Марчука РАН</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-9">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-10">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Московский физико-технический институт (НИУ)</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Московский физико-технический институт (НИУ)</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-30T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>30</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-30T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>30</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>23</volume>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <fpage>1</fpage>
   <lpage>21</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-08-25T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>25</day>
     <month>08</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>15</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/69616/view">https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/69616/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В работе демонстрируется влияние расположения измерителей на точность оперативного прогноза состояния Мирового океана. Проводится сравнение различных методов расстановки измерителей, в том числе расстановка, полученная методом Concrete Autoencoder (CA). Для оценки влияния расположения датчиков на точность прогноза проводилось моделирование, имитирующее ситуацию, когда начальное состояние Мирового океана заметно отличается от реального. В эксперименте заменялись начальные условия для модели океана и льда, при этом атмосферный форсинг сохранялся из контрольного эксперимента. Затем производилось интегрирование модели с усвоением данных об «истинном» состоянии в точках расположения сенсоров. Результаты показали, что расстановка сенсоров, полученная при помощи методов глубокого обучения, превосходит в точности прогноза другие рассмотренные расстановки при сопоставимом числе сенсоров.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The paper examines the impact of sensor placement on the accuracy of the Global ocean state forecasting. A comparison is made between various sensor placement methods, including the arrangement obtained by the Concrete Autoencoder method. To evaluate how sensor placement affects forecast accuracy, a simulation was conducted that emulates a scenario where the initial state of the global ocean significantly deviates from the ground truth. In the experiment, initial conditions for the ocean and ice model were altered, while atmospheric forcing was retained from the control experiment. Subsequently, the model was integrated with the assimilation of data about the ground truth state at the sensor locations. The results showed that the sensor placement obtained using deep learning methods is superior in forecast accuracy to other considered arrays with a comparable number of sensors.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>оперативный прогноз</kwd>
    <kwd>Мировой океан</kwd>
    <kwd>оптимальная расстановка измерителей</kwd>
    <kwd>Concrete Autoencoder</kwd>
    <kwd>усвоение данных</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>operational forecast</kwd>
    <kwd>Global ocean</kwd>
    <kwd>optimal sensor placement</kwd>
    <kwd>Concrete Autoencoder</kwd>
    <kwd>data assimilation</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ИВМ РАН (тема №075-01132-23-01 – настройка системы усвоения данных, эксперименты на устойчивость), государственного задания ИО РАН (тема №FMWE-2021-0003 – построение модельной конфигурации океана и морского льда, проведение основной серии экспериментов на точность прогноза, обработка и анализ их результатов) и при финансовой поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда (проект №20-19-00615 – построение динамического размещения измерителей, анализ восстановленных полей в Арктике, анализ профилей). Расчет численных экспериментов проводился с использованием ресурсов суперкомпьютера Межведомственного суперкомпьютерного центра РАН (МСЦ РАН, https://www.jscc.ru/).</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the state task of the IVM RAS (topic #075-01132-23-01 – adjustment of the data assimilation system, stability experiments), the state task of the IO RAS (topic #FMWE-2021-0003 – construction of a model configuration of the ocean and sea ice, carrying out the main series of experiments on forecast accuracy, processing and analysis of their results) and with the financial support of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 20-19-00615 – construction of dynamic placement of meters, analysis of restored fields in the Arctic, analysis of profiles). Calculation of numerous experiments was carried out using the resources of the supercomputer of the Interdepartmental Supercomputer Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MSC of the Russian Academy of Sciences, https://www.jscc.ru/).</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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