<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">1681-1208</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">71899</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2205/2023ES000885</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">ixipoz</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Modeling the Horizontal Velocity Field of the Earth’s Crust in a Regular Grid from GNSS Measurements</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Modeling the Horizontal Velocity Field of the Earth’s Crust in a Regular Grid from GNSS Measurements</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7486-6104</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Маневич</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Ильич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Manevich</surname>
       <given-names>Aleksandr Ilyich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ai.manevich@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0785-4986</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Лосев</surname>
       <given-names>Илья Владимирович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Losev</surname>
       <given-names>Ilya Vladimirovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6648-3549</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Авдонина</surname>
       <given-names>Алина Михайловна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Avdonina</surname>
       <given-names>Alina Mikhailovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3461-6383</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Шевчук</surname>
       <given-names>Роман Васильевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Shevchuk</surname>
       <given-names>Roman Vasilievich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8857-9584</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Кафтан</surname>
       <given-names>Владимир Иванович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kaftan</surname>
       <given-names>Vladimir Ivanovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7546-2072</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Татаринов</surname>
       <given-names>Виктор Николаевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Tatrinov</surname>
       <given-names>Victor Nicolaevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Геофизический центр РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Geophysical Center RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">НИТУ МИСиС</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">NUST MISiS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Геофизический центр РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Geophysical Center RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Геофизический центр РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Geophysical Center RAS</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Геофизический центр РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Geophysical Center RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики Земли им. О.Ю. Шмидта</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-7">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Геофизический центр РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Geophysical Center RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-8">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Геофизический центр РАН</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Geophysical Center RAS</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-9">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики Земли им. О.Ю. Шмидта</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-30T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>30</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-30T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>30</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>23</volume>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <fpage>1</fpage>
   <lpage>18</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-30T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>30</day>
     <month>11</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-19T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>19</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/71899/view">https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/71899/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>There are numerous methods for modeling velocity fields of the Earth’s crust. However, only a few of them are capable of modeling data beyond the contour of the geodetic network (extrapolating). Spatial modeling based on a neural network approach allows for the adequate modeling of the field of recent crustal movements and deformations of the Earth’s crust beyond the geodetic network contour. The study extensively examines the hyperparameter settings and justifies the applicability of the neural network model for predicting crustal movement fields using the Ossetian geodynamic polygon as an example. The presented results, when compared to classical modeling methods, demonstrate that the neural network approach confidently yields results no worse than classical methods. The results of modeling for the Ossetian polygon can be used for geodynamic zoning, identification zones of extension and compression, computing the tectonic component of stresses, and identifying areas of high-gradient displacements.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>There are numerous methods for modeling velocity fields of the Earth’s crust. However, only a few of them are capable of modeling data beyond the contour of the geodetic network (extrapolating). Spatial modeling based on a neural network approach allows for the adequate modeling of the field of recent crustal movements and deformations of the Earth’s crust beyond the geodetic network contour. The study extensively examines the hyperparameter settings and justifies the applicability of the neural network model for predicting crustal movement fields using the Ossetian geodynamic polygon as an example. The presented results, when compared to classical modeling methods, demonstrate that the neural network approach confidently yields results no worse than classical methods. The results of modeling for the Ossetian polygon can be used for geodynamic zoning, identification zones of extension and compression, computing the tectonic component of stresses, and identifying areas of high-gradient displacements.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>velocity fields</kwd>
    <kwd>resent crustal movements</kwd>
    <kwd>spatial modeling</kwd>
    <kwd>regular grid</kwd>
    <kwd>extrapolation</kwd>
    <kwd>interpolation</kwd>
    <kwd>artificial neural networks</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>velocity fields</kwd>
    <kwd>resent crustal movements</kwd>
    <kwd>spatial modeling</kwd>
    <kwd>regular grid</kwd>
    <kwd>extrapolation</kwd>
    <kwd>interpolation</kwd>
    <kwd>artificial neural networks</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">The research was supported by Russian science foundation “System Seismic Hazard Assessment of the Central Part of the Greater Caucasus (Ossetian sector)” (project #23-17-00176). This work employed facilities and data provided by the Shared Research Facility “Analytical Geomagnetic Data Center” of the Geophysical Center of RAS (http://ckp.gcras.ru/).</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by Russian science foundation “System Seismic Hazard Assessment of the Central Part of the Greater Caucasus (Ossetian sector)” (project #23-17-00176). This work employed facilities and data provided by the Shared Research Facility “Analytical Geomagnetic Data Center” of the Geophysical Center of RAS (http://ckp.gcras.ru/).</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p> </p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agayan, S. M., V. N. Tatarinov, A. D. Gvishiani, S. R. Bogoutdinov, and I. O. Belov (2020), FDPS algorithm in stability assessment of the Earth’s crust structural tectonic blocks, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 20, ES6014, https://doi.org/10.2205/2020ES000752</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agayan, S. M., V. N. Tatarinov, A. D. Gvishiani, S. R. Bogoutdinov, and I. O. Belov (2020), FDPS algorithm in stability assessment of the Earth’s crust structural tectonic blocks, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 20, ES6014, https://doi.org/10.2205/2020ES000752</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agayan, S. M., I. V. Losev, I. O. Belov, V. N. Tatarinov, A. I. Manevich, and M. A. Pasishnichenko (2022), Dynamic Activity Index for Feature Engineering of Geodynamic Data for Safe Underground Isolation of High-Level Radioactive Waste, Applied Sciences, 12(4), 2010, https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042010</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agayan, S. M., I. V. Losev, I. O. Belov, V. N. Tatarinov, A. I. Manevich, and M. A. Pasishnichenko (2022), Dynamic Activity Index for Feature Engineering of Geodynamic Data for Safe Underground Isolation of High-Level Radioactive Waste, Applied Sciences, 12(4), 2010, https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042010</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aki, K. (1968), Seismic displacements near a fault, Journal of Geophysical Research, 73(16), 5359-5376, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB073i016p05359.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aki, K. (1968), Seismic displacements near a fault, Journal of Geophysical Research, 73(16), 5359-5376, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB073i016p05359.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aleshin, I., K. Kholodkov, I. Malygin, R. Shevchuk, and R. Sidorov (2022), Geomagnetic Survey Interpolation with the Machine Learning Approach, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 22, https://doi.org/10.2205/2022ES000818.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleshin, I., K. Kholodkov, I. Malygin, R. Shevchuk, and R. Sidorov (2022), Geomagnetic Survey Interpolation with the Machine Learning Approach, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 22, https://doi.org/10.2205/2022ES000818.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allmendinger, R. W., N. Cardozo, and D. M. Fisher (2011), Structural Geology Algorithms: Vectors and Tensors, Cambridge University Press, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511920202.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allmendinger, R. W., N. Cardozo, and D. M. Fisher (2011), Structural Geology Algorithms: Vectors and Tensors, Cambridge University Press, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511920202.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amante, C., and B. W. Eakins (2009), ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amante, C., and B. W. Eakins (2009), ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anantrasirichai, N., J. Biggs, F. Albino, P. Hill, and D. Bull (2018), Application of Machine Learning to Classification of Volcanic Deformation in Routinely Generated InSAR Data, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 123(8), 6592-6606, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jb015911.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anantrasirichai, N., J. Biggs, F. Albino, P. Hill, and D. Bull (2018), Application of Machine Learning to Classification of Volcanic Deformation in Routinely Generated InSAR Data, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 123(8), 6592-6606, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jb015911.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Batugin, A., V. Ogadzhanov, S. Han, S. Shevchuk, S. Kostikov, and A. Oborin (2022), Exploring the Nature of Seismic Events in the Underground Gas Storages Area of the Volga Federal District, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 22, https://doi.org/10.2205/2022ES000819.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Batugin, A., V. Ogadzhanov, S. Han, S. Shevchuk, S. Kostikov, and A. Oborin (2022), Exploring the Nature of Seismic Events in the Underground Gas Storages Area of the Volga Federal District, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 22, https://doi.org/10.2205/2022ES000819.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bogusz, J., A. Kłos, P. Grzempowski, and B. Kontny (2013), Modelling the Velocity Field in a Regular Grid in the Area of Poland on the Basis of the Velocities of European Permanent Stations, Pure and Applied Geophysics, 171(6), 809-833, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-013-0645-2.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogusz, J., A. Kłos, P. Grzempowski, and B. Kontny (2013), Modelling the Velocity Field in a Regular Grid in the Area of Poland on the Basis of the Velocities of European Permanent Stations, Pure and Applied Geophysics, 171(6), 809-833, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-013-0645-2.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boubou, R., F. Emeriault, and R. Kastner (2010), Artificial neural network application for the prediction of ground surface movements induced by shield tunnelling, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 47(11), 1214-1233, https://doi.org/10.1139/T10-023.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boubou, R., F. Emeriault, and R. Kastner (2010), Artificial neural network application for the prediction of ground surface movements induced by shield tunnelling, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 47(11), 1214-1233, https://doi.org/10.1139/T10-023.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cardozo, N., and R. W. Allmendinger (2009), SSPX: A program to compute strain from displacement/velocity data, Computers &amp; Geosciences, 35(6), 1343-1357, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.05.008.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cardozo, N., and R. W. Allmendinger (2009), SSPX: A program to compute strain from displacement/velocity data, Computers &amp; Geosciences, 35(6), 1343-1357, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.05.008.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dimitrios, G. A., X. Papanikolaou, A. Ganas, and D. Paradissis (2019), StrainTool: A software package to estimate strain tensor parameters (Version v1.0).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dimitrios, G. A., X. Papanikolaou, A. Ganas, and D. Paradissis (2019), StrainTool: A software package to estimate strain tensor parameters (Version v1.0).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dokukin, P. A., V. I. Kaftan, and R. I. Krasnoperov (2010), Influence of triangle shape in geodetic network on the results of definition of Earth surface deformations, Izvestia vuzov. Geodesy and aerophotosurveying, 5, 6-11 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dokukin, P. A., V. I. Kaftan, and R. I. Krasnoperov (2010), Influence of triangle shape in geodetic network on the results of definition of Earth surface deformations, Izvestia vuzov. Geodesy and aerophotosurveying, 5, 6-11 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dzeboev, B. A., A. A. Soloviev, B. V. Dzeranov, J. K. Karapetyan, and N. A. Sergeeva (2019), Strong earthquake-prone areas recognition based on the algorithm with a single pure training class. II. Caucasus, M ≥ 6.0. Variable EPA method, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 19(6), https://doi.org/10.2205/2019ES000691.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzeboev, B. A., A. A. Soloviev, B. V. Dzeranov, J. K. Karapetyan, and N. A. Sergeeva (2019), Strong earthquake-prone areas recognition based on the algorithm with a single pure training class. II. Caucasus, M ≥ 6.0. Variable EPA method, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 19(6), https://doi.org/10.2205/2019ES000691.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esikov, N. P. (1979), Tectonophysical aspects of analysis of recent Earth’s surface movements, Nauka, Novosibirsk.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esikov, N. P. (1979), Tectonophysical aspects of analysis of recent Earth’s surface movements, Nauka, Novosibirsk.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Faber, R., and G. Domej (2021), 3D Computer-Assisted Geological Mapping: Testing WinGeol’s FaultTrace for semiautomatic structural geological assessment, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 21(1), https://doi.org/10.2205/2020ES000757.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Faber, R., and G. Domej (2021), 3D Computer-Assisted Geological Mapping: Testing WinGeol’s FaultTrace for semiautomatic structural geological assessment, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 21(1), https://doi.org/10.2205/2020ES000757.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghiasi, Y., and V. Nafisi (2015), The improvement of strain estimation using universal kriging, Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica, 50(4), 479-490, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40328-015-0103-y.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghiasi, Y., and V. Nafisi (2015), The improvement of strain estimation using universal kriging, Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica, 50(4), 479-490, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40328-015-0103-y.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goudarzi, M. A., M. Cocard, and R. Santerre (2015), GeoStrain: An open source software for calculating crustal strain rates, Computers &amp; Geosciences, 82, 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2015.05.007.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goudarzi, M. A., M. Cocard, and R. Santerre (2015), GeoStrain: An open source software for calculating crustal strain rates, Computers &amp; Geosciences, 82, 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2015.05.007.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grishchenkova, E. N. (2017), Development of a Neural Network for Earth Surface Deformation Prediction, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 36(4), 1953-1957, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-017-0438-y.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grishchenkova, E. N. (2017), Development of a Neural Network for Earth Surface Deformation Prediction, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 36(4), 1953-1957, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-017-0438-y.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gvishiani, A. D., B. A. Dzeboev, and S. M. Agayan (2016), FCaZm intelligent recognition system for locating areas prone to strong earthquakes in the Andean and Caucasian mountain belts, Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth, 52(4), 461-491, https://doi.org/10.1134/s1069351316040017.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gvishiani, A. D., B. A. Dzeboev, and S. M. Agayan (2016), FCaZm intelligent recognition system for locating areas prone to strong earthquakes in the Andean and Caucasian mountain belts, Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth, 52(4), 461-491, https://doi.org/10.1134/s1069351316040017.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gvishiani, A. D., A. A. Soloviev, and B. A. Dzeboev (2020), Problem of Recognition of Strong-Earthquake-Prone Areas: a State-of-the-Art Review, Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth, 56(1), https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351320010048.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gvishiani, A. D., A. A. Soloviev, and B. A. Dzeboev (2020), Problem of Recognition of Strong-Earthquake-Prone Areas: a State-of-the-Art Review, Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth, 56(1), https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351320010048.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gvishiani, A. D., M. N. Dobrovolsky, B. V. Dzeranov, and B. A. Dzeboev (2022), Big Data in Geophysics and Other Earth Sciences, Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth, 58(1), https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351322010037 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gvishiani, A. D., M. N. Dobrovolsky, B. V. Dzeranov, and B. A. Dzeboev (2022), Big Data in Geophysics and Other Earth Sciences, Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth, 58(1), https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351322010037 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gvishiani, A. D., V. Y. Panchenko, and I. M. Nikitina (2023), System analysis of big data for Earth sciences, Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 93(6), 518-525, https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869587323060087 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gvishiani, A. D., V. Y. Panchenko, and I. M. Nikitina (2023), System analysis of big data for Earth sciences, Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 93(6), 518-525, https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869587323060087 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IAEA-TECDOC-1987 (2021), An Introduction to Probabilistic Fault Displacement Hazard Analysis in Site Evaluation for Existing Nuclear Installation.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IAEA-TECDOC-1987 (2021), An Introduction to Probabilistic Fault Displacement Hazard Analysis in Site Evaluation for Existing Nuclear Installation.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ismail-Zadeh, A., S. Adamia, A. Chabukiani, T. Chelidze, and other (2020), Geodynamics, seismicity, and seismic hazards of the Caucasus, Earth-Science Reviews, 207, 103,222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103222.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ismail-Zadeh, A., S. Adamia, A. Chabukiani, T. Chelidze, and other (2020), Geodynamics, seismicity, and seismic hazards of the Caucasus, Earth-Science Reviews, 207, 103,222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103222.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B26">
    <label>26.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaban, M. K., A. Gvishiani, R. Sidorov, A. Oshchenko, and R. I. Krasnoperov (2021), Structure and Density of Sedimentary Basins in the Southern Part of the East-European Platform and Surrounding Area, Applied Sciences, 11(2), 512, https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020512.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaban, M. K., A. Gvishiani, R. Sidorov, A. Oshchenko, and R. I. Krasnoperov (2021), Structure and Density of Sedimentary Basins in the Southern Part of the East-European Platform and Surrounding Area, Applied Sciences, 11(2), 512, https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020512.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B27">
    <label>27.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaftan, V. I., and V. N. Tatarinov (2021), An Analysis of Possibilities of GNSS Local Strain Monitoring Networks in Earthquake-Prone Areas, Journal of Volcanology and Seismology, 15(6), 379-386, https://doi.org/10.1134/S074204632106004X.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaftan, V. I., and V. N. Tatarinov (2021), An Analysis of Possibilities of GNSS Local Strain Monitoring Networks in Earthquake-Prone Areas, Journal of Volcanology and Seismology, 15(6), 379-386, https://doi.org/10.1134/S074204632106004X.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B28">
    <label>28.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karapetyan, J. K., R. S. Sargsyan, K. S. Kazaryan, B. V. Dzeranov, B. A. Dzeboev, and R.-K. Karapetyan (2020), Current state of exploration and actual problems of tectonics, seismology and seismotectonics of Armenia, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 20(2), https://doi.org/10.2205/2020es000709.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karapetyan, J. K., R. S. Sargsyan, K. S. Kazaryan, B. V. Dzeranov, B. A. Dzeboev, and R.-K. Karapetyan (2020), Current state of exploration and actual problems of tectonics, seismology and seismotectonics of Armenia, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 20(2), https://doi.org/10.2205/2020es000709.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B29">
    <label>29.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolmogorov, A. N. (1957), On the representation of continuous functions of many variables by superposition of continuous functions of one variable and addition, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 114(5), 953-956 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolmogorov, A. N. (1957), On the representation of continuous functions of many variables by superposition of continuous functions of one variable and addition, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 114(5), 953-956 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B30">
    <label>30.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolmogorova, P. P., and G. I. Karataev (1975), Prediction of the velocities of modern vertical movements of the Earth’s crust by the correlation model from statistical geological and geophysical data, in Methodical issues of the study of modern movements of the Earth’s crust, pp. 182-203, IGM SB RAS (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolmogorova, P. P., and G. I. Karataev (1975), Prediction of the velocities of modern vertical movements of the Earth’s crust by the correlation model from statistical geological and geophysical data, in Methodical issues of the study of modern movements of the Earth’s crust, pp. 182-203, IGM SB RAS (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B31">
    <label>31.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuzmin, Y. O. (2020), Topical issues of use of geodetic measurements at geodynamic monitoring of objects of oil and gas complex, Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies), 25(1), 43-54, https://doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2020-25-1-43-54.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmin, Y. O. (2020), Topical issues of use of geodetic measurements at geodynamic monitoring of objects of oil and gas complex, Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies), 25(1), 43-54, https://doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2020-25-1-43-54.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B32">
    <label>32.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lei, Q., and S. Loew (2021), Modelling coseismic displacements of fracture systems in crystalline rock during large earthquakes: Implications for the safety of nuclear waste repositories, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 138, 104,590, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2020.104590.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lei, Q., and S. Loew (2021), Modelling coseismic displacements of fracture systems in crystalline rock during large earthquakes: Implications for the safety of nuclear waste repositories, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 138, 104,590, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2020.104590.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B33">
    <label>33.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manevich, A., V. Kaftan, R. Shevchuk, and D. Urmanov (2021), Modelling the horizontal velocity field of the NizhneKansk massif according to GNSS Observations, ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, 1, 162-169, https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2021vol1.6545.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manevich, A., V. Kaftan, R. Shevchuk, and D. Urmanov (2021), Modelling the horizontal velocity field of the NizhneKansk massif according to GNSS Observations, ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, 1, 162-169, https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2021vol1.6545.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B34">
    <label>34.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manevich, A. I., and V. N. Tatarinov (2017), Application of artificial neural networks for forecasting modern crustal movements, in Geoinformation technologies - a tool for increasing the efficiency and safety of mining, vol. 5, pp. 37-48, Geophisical Center RAS (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manevich, A. I., and V. N. Tatarinov (2017), Application of artificial neural networks for forecasting modern crustal movements, in Geoinformation technologies - a tool for increasing the efficiency and safety of mining, vol. 5, pp. 37-48, Geophisical Center RAS (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B35">
    <label>35.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manevich, A. I., R. V. Shevchuk, V. I. Kaftan, V. N. Tatarinov, and S. M. Zabrodin (2022), Improvement of the gnss monitoring network of the nizhne-kansky massif using a bedrock pin geodetic center, Seismic Instruments, 58(S2), S267-S280, https://doi.org/10.3103/s0747923922080084.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manevich, A. I., R. V. Shevchuk, V. I. Kaftan, V. N. Tatarinov, and S. M. Zabrodin (2022), Improvement of the gnss monitoring network of the nizhne-kansky massif using a bedrock pin geodetic center, Seismic Instruments, 58(S2), S267-S280, https://doi.org/10.3103/s0747923922080084.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B36">
    <label>36.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manevich, A. I., R. V. Shevchuk, I. V. Losev, V. I. Kaftan, D. I. Urmanov, and A. I. Shakirov (2023), PyGeoStrain: A software package for calculation crustal strain (v1.0).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manevich, A. I., R. V. Shevchuk, I. V. Losev, V. I. Kaftan, D. I. Urmanov, and A. I. Shakirov (2023), PyGeoStrain: A software package for calculation crustal strain (v1.0).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B37">
    <label>37.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Markovich, K. I. (2020), Prediction of velocities of modern vertical movements of the earth’s crust from geodetic, geophysical and seismological data, Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics, 11(2), 365-377, https://doi.org/10.5800/GT-2020-11-2-0480.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markovich, K. I. (2020), Prediction of velocities of modern vertical movements of the earth’s crust from geodetic, geophysical and seismological data, Geodynamics &amp; Tectonophysics, 11(2), 365-377, https://doi.org/10.5800/GT-2020-11-2-0480.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B38">
    <label>38.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matheron, G. (1970), Random Functions and their Application in Geology, in Geostatistics, pp. 79-87, Springer US, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7103-2_7.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matheron, G. (1970), Random Functions and their Application in Geology, in Geostatistics, pp. 79-87, Springer US, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7103-2_7.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B39">
    <label>39.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazurov, B. T. (2016), Geodynamic system (kinematic and deformation model of block movements), Vestnik SSUGT, 3(35), 5-15 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazurov, B. T. (2016), Geodynamic system (kinematic and deformation model of block movements), Vestnik SSUGT, 3(35), 5-15 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B40">
    <label>40.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milyukov, V. K., A. P. Mironov, G. M. Steblov, V. I. Shevchenko, A. G. Kusraev, V. N. Drobyshev, and K. M. Khubaev (2015), The contemporary GPS-derived horizontal motions of the main elements of tectonic structure in the Ossetian segment of Greater Caucasus, Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth, 51(4), 522-534, https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351315040072.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milyukov, V. K., A. P. Mironov, G. M. Steblov, V. I. Shevchenko, A. G. Kusraev, V. N. Drobyshev, and K. M. Khubaev (2015), The contemporary GPS-derived horizontal motions of the main elements of tectonic structure in the Ossetian segment of Greater Caucasus, Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth, 51(4), 522-534, https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351315040072.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B41">
    <label>41.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milyukov, V. K., A. P. Mironov, G. M. Steblov, A. N. Ovsyuchenko, E. A. Rogozhin, V. N. Drobyshev, A. G. Kusraev, K. M. Khubaev, and K.-M. Z. Torchinov (2017), Satellite geodetic monitoring of the Vladikavkaz active fault zone: First results, Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth, 53(4), 598-605, https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351317040061.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milyukov, V. K., A. P. Mironov, G. M. Steblov, A. N. Ovsyuchenko, E. A. Rogozhin, V. N. Drobyshev, A. G. Kusraev, K. M. Khubaev, and K.-M. Z. Torchinov (2017), Satellite geodetic monitoring of the Vladikavkaz active fault zone: First results, Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth, 53(4), 598-605, https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351317040061.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B42">
    <label>42.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mironov, A. P., V. K. Milyukov, G. M. Steblov, V. N. Drobyshev, A. G. Kusraev, and K. M. Khubaev (2021), Crustal Strains in the Ossetian Region of the Greater Caucasus Based on GNSS Measurements, Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 57(11), 1498-1513, https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433821110074.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mironov, A. P., V. K. Milyukov, G. M. Steblov, V. N. Drobyshev, A. G. Kusraev, and K. M. Khubaev (2021), Crustal Strains in the Ossetian Region of the Greater Caucasus Based on GNSS Measurements, Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 57(11), 1498-1513, https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433821110074.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B43">
    <label>43.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moss, R. E. S., and Z. E. Ross (2011), Probabilistic Fault Displacement Hazard Analysis for Reverse Faults, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 101(4), 1542-1553, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100248.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moss, R. E. S., and Z. E. Ross (2011), Probabilistic Fault Displacement Hazard Analysis for Reverse Faults, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 101(4), 1542-1553, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100248.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B44">
    <label>44.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Negi, P., A. Goswami, and G. C. Joshi (2023), Geomorphic indices based topographic characterization of Alaknanda catchment, Western Himalaya using spatial data, Environmental Earth Sciences, 82(20), https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-023-11158-w.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Negi, P., A. Goswami, and G. C. Joshi (2023), Geomorphic indices based topographic characterization of Alaknanda catchment, Western Himalaya using spatial data, Environmental Earth Sciences, 82(20), https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-023-11158-w.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B45">
    <label>45.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nurminen, F., P. Boncio, F. Visini, B. Pace, A. Valentini, S. Baize, and O. Scotti (2020), Probability of Occurrence and Displacement Regression of Distributed Surface Rupturing for Reverse Earthquakes, Frontiers in Earth Science, 8, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.581605.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nurminen, F., P. Boncio, F. Visini, B. Pace, A. Valentini, S. Baize, and O. Scotti (2020), Probability of Occurrence and Displacement Regression of Distributed Surface Rupturing for Reverse Earthquakes, Frontiers in Earth Science, 8, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.581605.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B46">
    <label>46.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okada, Y. (1992), Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 82(2), 1018-1040, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0820021018.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okada, Y. (1992), Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 82(2), 1018-1040, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0820021018.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B47">
    <label>47.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pedregosa, F., G. Varoquaux, A. Gramfort, V. Michel, B. Thirion, and other (2011), Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python, Journal of Machine Learning Research, 12, 2825-2830.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pedregosa, F., G. Varoquaux, A. Gramfort, V. Michel, B. Thirion, and other (2011), Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python, Journal of Machine Learning Research, 12, 2825-2830.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B48">
    <label>48.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petrov, V. A., V. A. Minaev, S. A. Ustinov, I. O. Nafigin, and A. B. Lexin (2021), Assessment of Seismogeodynamic Activity of Mining Areas on the Basis of 3D Geoinformation Modeling, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 21(6), https://doi.org/10.2205/2021ES000781.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrov, V. A., V. A. Minaev, S. A. Ustinov, I. O. Nafigin, and A. B. Lexin (2021), Assessment of Seismogeodynamic Activity of Mining Areas on the Basis of 3D Geoinformation Modeling, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 21(6), https://doi.org/10.2205/2021ES000781.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B49">
    <label>49.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reilinger, R., S. McClusky, P. Vernant, S. Lawrence, S. Ergintav, R. Cakmak, and other (2006), GPS constraints on continental deformation in the Africa-Arabia-Eurasia continental collision zone and implications for the dynamics of plate interactions, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 111(B5), https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004051.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reilinger, R., S. McClusky, P. Vernant, S. Lawrence, S. Ergintav, R. Cakmak, and other (2006), GPS constraints on continental deformation in the Africa-Arabia-Eurasia continental collision zone and implications for the dynamics of plate interactions, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 111(B5), https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004051.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B50">
    <label>50.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reilinger, R. E., S. C. McClusky, B. J. Souter, M. W. Hamburger, M. T. Prilepin, A. Mishin, T. Guseva, and S. Balassanian (1997), Preliminary estimates of plate convergence in the Caucasus Collision Zone from global positioning system measurements, Geophysical Research Letters, 24(14), 1815-1818, https://doi.org/10.1029/97gl01672.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reilinger, R. E., S. C. McClusky, B. J. Souter, M. W. Hamburger, M. T. Prilepin, A. Mishin, T. Guseva, and S. Balassanian (1997), Preliminary estimates of plate convergence in the Caucasus Collision Zone from global positioning system measurements, Geophysical Research Letters, 24(14), 1815-1818, https://doi.org/10.1029/97gl01672.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B51">
    <label>51.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Różycka, M., P. Migoń, and A. Michniewicz (2017), Topographic Wetness Index and Terrain Ruggedness Index in geomorphic characterisation of landslide terrains, on examples from the Sudetes, SW Poland, Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementary Issues, 61(2), 61-80, https://doi.org/10.1127/zfg_suppl/2016/0328.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Różycka, M., P. Migoń, and A. Michniewicz (2017), Topographic Wetness Index and Terrain Ruggedness Index in geomorphic characterisation of landslide terrains, on examples from the Sudetes, SW Poland, Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementary Issues, 61(2), 61-80, https://doi.org/10.1127/zfg_suppl/2016/0328.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B52">
    <label>52.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandwell, D. T. (1987), Biharmonic Spline Interpolation of GEOS-3 and SEASAT Altimeter Data, Geophysical Research Letters, 14(2), 139-142.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandwell, D. T. (1987), Biharmonic Spline Interpolation of GEOS-3 and SEASAT Altimeter Data, Geophysical Research Letters, 14(2), 139-142.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B53">
    <label>53.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sedrette, S., and N. Rebai (2016), Automatic extraction of lineaments from Landsat Etm+ images and their structural interpretation: Case Study in Nefza region (North West of Tunisia), Journal of Research in Environmental and Earth Sciences, 4, 139-145.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sedrette, S., and N. Rebai (2016), Automatic extraction of lineaments from Landsat Etm+ images and their structural interpretation: Case Study in Nefza region (North West of Tunisia), Journal of Research in Environmental and Earth Sciences, 4, 139-145.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B54">
    <label>54.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shen, Z., D. D. Jackson, and B. X. Ge (1996), Crustal deformation across and beyond the Los Angeles basin from geodetic measurements, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 101(B12), 27,957-27,980, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB02544.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shen, Z., D. D. Jackson, and B. X. Ge (1996), Crustal deformation across and beyond the Los Angeles basin from geodetic measurements, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 101(B12), 27,957-27,980, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB02544.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B55">
    <label>55.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shen, Z., M. Wang, Y. Zeng, and F. Wang (2015), Optimal Interpolation of Spatially Discretized Geodetic Data, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 105(4), 2117-2127, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140247.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shen, Z., M. Wang, Y. Zeng, and F. Wang (2015), Optimal Interpolation of Spatially Discretized Geodetic Data, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 105(4), 2117-2127, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140247.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B56">
    <label>56.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shevchenko, V. I., T. V. Guseva, A. A. Lukk, A. V. Mishin, and other (1999), Modern geodynamics of the Caucasus (based on GPS measurements and seismological data), Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth, 9, 3-18 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shevchenko, V. I., T. V. Guseva, A. A. Lukk, A. V. Mishin, and other (1999), Modern geodynamics of the Caucasus (based on GPS measurements and seismological data), Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth, 9, 3-18 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B57">
    <label>57.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simonov, Y. G. (1998), Morphometric analysis of relief, SGU Publishing House, Moscow-Smolensk (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simonov, Y. G. (1998), Morphometric analysis of relief, SGU Publishing House, Moscow-Smolensk (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B58">
    <label>58.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sokhadze, G., M. Floyd, T. Godoladze, R. King, E. S. Cowgill, Z. Javakhishvili, G. Hahubia, and R. Reilinger (2018), Active convergence between the Lesser and Greater Caucasus in Georgia: Constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Lesser-Greater Caucasus continental collision, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 481, 154-161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.10.007.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sokhadze, G., M. Floyd, T. Godoladze, R. King, E. S. Cowgill, Z. Javakhishvili, G. Hahubia, and R. Reilinger (2018), Active convergence between the Lesser and Greater Caucasus in Georgia: Constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Lesser-Greater Caucasus continental collision, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 481, 154-161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.10.007.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B59">
    <label>59.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Srivastava, H., and E. Isaaks (1989), An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics, Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Srivastava, H., and E. Isaaks (1989), An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics, Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B60">
    <label>60.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun, Z., L. Sandoval, R. Crystal-Ornelas, S. M. Mousavi, J. Wang, C. Lin, and other (2022), A review of Earth Artificial Intelligence, Computers &amp; Geosciences, 159, 105,034, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2022.105034.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun, Z., L. Sandoval, R. Crystal-Ornelas, S. M. Mousavi, J. Wang, C. Lin, and other (2022), A review of Earth Artificial Intelligence, Computers &amp; Geosciences, 159, 105,034, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2022.105034.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B61">
    <label>61.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tatarinov, V. N., A. I. Manevich, and I. V. Losev (2018), A system approach to geodynamic zoning based on artificial neural networks, Mining science and technology, (3), 14-25, https://doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2018-3-14-25 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tatarinov, V. N., A. I. Manevich, and I. V. Losev (2018), A system approach to geodynamic zoning based on artificial neural networks, Mining science and technology, (3), 14-25, https://doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2018-3-14-25 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B62">
    <label>62.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tatarinov, V. N., V. N. Morozov, and A. S. Batugin (2019), An underground research laboratory: new opportunities in the study of the stress-strain state and dynamics of rock mass destruction, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 19, ES2002, https://doi.org/10.2205/2019ES000659 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tatarinov, V. N., V. N. Morozov, and A. S. Batugin (2019), An underground research laboratory: new opportunities in the study of the stress-strain state and dynamics of rock mass destruction, Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 19, ES2002, https://doi.org/10.2205/2019ES000659 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B63">
    <label>63.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teza, G., A. Pesci, and A. Galgaro (2008), Grid_strain and grid_strain3: Software packages for strain field computation in 2D and 3D environments, Computers &amp; Geosciences, 34(9), 1142-1153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2007.07.006.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teza, G., A. Pesci, and A. Galgaro (2008), Grid_strain and grid_strain3: Software packages for strain field computation in 2D and 3D environments, Computers &amp; Geosciences, 34(9), 1142-1153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2007.07.006.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B64">
    <label>64.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tibaldi, A., F. L. Bonali, E. Russo, and N. Corti (2021), Active Kinematics of the Greater Caucasus from Seismological and GPS Data: A Review, in Building Knowledge for Geohazard Assessment and Management in the Caucasus and other Orogenic Regions, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, pp. 33-57, Springer Netherlands, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2046-3.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tibaldi, A., F. L. Bonali, E. Russo, and N. Corti (2021), Active Kinematics of the Greater Caucasus from Seismological and GPS Data: A Review, in Building Knowledge for Geohazard Assessment and Management in the Caucasus and other Orogenic Regions, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, pp. 33-57, Springer Netherlands, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2046-3.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B65">
    <label>65.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wackernagel, H. (1994), Multivariate Geostatistics, Springer, Berlin, Germany.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wackernagel, H. (1994), Multivariate Geostatistics, Springer, Berlin, Germany.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B66">
    <label>66.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu, J., C. Tang, and Y. Chen (2003), Effect of triangle shape factor on precision of crustal deformation calculated, Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 23(3), 26-30.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu, J., C. Tang, and Y. Chen (2003), Effect of triangle shape factor on precision of crustal deformation calculated, Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 23(3), 26-30.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B67">
    <label>67.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamaga, N., and Y. Mitsui (2019), Machine Learning Approach to Characterize the Postseismic Deformation of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake Based on Recurrent Neural Network, Geophysical Research Letters, 46(21), https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl084578.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamaga, N., and Y. Mitsui (2019), Machine Learning Approach to Characterize the Postseismic Deformation of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake Based on Recurrent Neural Network, Geophysical Research Letters, 46(21), https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl084578.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B68">
    <label>68.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang, B., K. Yin, S. Lacasse, and Z. Liu (2019), Time series analysis and long short-term memory neural network to predict landslide displacement, Landslides, 16(4), 677-694, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-018-01127-x.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang, B., K. Yin, S. Lacasse, and Z. Liu (2019), Time series analysis and long short-term memory neural network to predict landslide displacement, Landslides, 16(4), 677-694, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-018-01127-x.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B69">
    <label>69.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Youngs, R. R., W. J. Arabasz, R. E. Anderson, A. R. Ramelli, J. P. Ake, D. B. Slemmons, and other (2003), A Methodology for Probabilistic Fault Displacement Hazard Analysis (PFDHA), Earthquake Spectra, 19(1), 191-219, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1542891.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Youngs, R. R., W. J. Arabasz, R. E. Anderson, A. R. Ramelli, J. P. Ake, D. B. Slemmons, and other (2003), A Methodology for Probabilistic Fault Displacement Hazard Analysis (PFDHA), Earthquake Spectra, 19(1), 191-219, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1542891.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
