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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">1681-1208</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">73887</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2205/2025ES000998</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">crxzql</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Geological Position of Rare-Metal Pegmatites of the Laghman Granitoid Complex, Afghanistan</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Геологическая позиция редкометалльных пегматитов гранитоидного комплекса Лагман, Афганистан</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8121-0426</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Евдокимов</surname>
       <given-names>А. Н.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Evdokimov</surname>
       <given-names>A. N.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6549-4409</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Юсуфзай</surname>
       <given-names>Атаулла </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Yosufzai</surname>
       <given-names>Ataullah </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ata.yosufzai@gmail.com</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg Mining University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский горный университет</institution>
     <city>Санкт-Петербург</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Mining University</institution>
     <city>Sait petresburg</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Кабульский политехнический университет</institution>
     <city>Кабул</city>
     <country>Афганистан</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Kabul Polytechnic University</institution>
     <city>Kabu</city>
     <country>Afghanistan</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-02-13T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>13</day>
    <month>02</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-02-13T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>13</day>
    <month>02</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>25</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>1</fpage>
   <lpage>23</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-01-30T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>30</day>
     <month>01</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-03T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>03</day>
     <month>02</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/73887/view">https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/73887/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Редкометалльные пегматиты с промышленными содержаниями лития, тантала, ниобия, цезия, бериллия и олова приобретают растущее значение в качестве сырьевых объектов для производства электрооборудования, аккумуляторных батарей и электроники. В этой связи актуальным является изучение закономерностей их геолого-структурного положения, что позволит установить поисковые признаки для обнаружения новых ресурсных объектов и наращивания запасов уже известных пегматитовых месторождений редких металлов в зоне Нуристан в Северо-Восточном Афганистане. Здесь пегматитовые поля пространственно ассоциируют с олигоценовыми гранитами комплекса Лагман и расположены в провинциях Афганистана: Нуристан, Кунар, Лагман, Кабул, Нангархар, Каписа, Панджшер и Бадахшан. Они известны с древнейших времен как источники драгоценных камней и слюды. Гранитоидный комплекс Лагман характеризуется последовательным внедрением трех интрузивных фаз: 1 – диориты, кварцевые диориты, гранодиориты и плагиограниты; 2 – порфировидные биотитовые, амфибол-биотитовые граниты и гранодиориты; 3 – двуслюдяные и биотитовые граниты, гранит-порфиры, аплитовые и пегматоидные граниты. Редкометальные пегматиты приурочены к третьей фазе внедрения гранитов Лагман. Здесь граниты характеризуются неоднородной текстурой – от гранобластовой до гранитной с фрагментами аплитовой и пойкилитовой. Вмещающими породами пегматитов являются триасовые филлитовидные кварц-слюдяные сланцы и протерозойские гнейсы и кварциты. Кроме того, пегматиты находятся в интрузивных породах, а именно в массивах габбро-диоритов комплекса Нилау. Морфология тел редкометальных пегматитов разнообразна. Преобладают жилы с раздувами и плитообразные тела, меньше линзовидных форм и разноориентированных жил. Мощность пегматитовых жил от 1 до 60 м, длина от десятков метров до 2–5 км. Предполагается, что формирование гранитоидного комплекса Лагман есть следствие коллизии Индостанского континента с Евразией.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Rare-metal pegmatites containing industrial concentrations of lithium, tantalum, niobium, cesium, beryllium, and tin are becoming increasingly important as raw material objects for the production of electrical equipment, batteries, and electronics. In this context, studying the patterns of their geological and structural setting is highly relevant, as it allows the identification of prospecting criteria to discover new resource-bearing sites and expand the reserves of known rare-metal pegmatite deposits in the Nuristan zone of northeastern Afghanistan. Here, pegmatite fields are spatially associated with the Oligocene granites of the Laghman complex and are located in the provinces of Afghanistan: Nuristan, Kunar, Laghman, Kabul, Nangarhar, Kapisa, Panjshir, and Badakhshan. They have been known since ancient times as sources of gemstones and mica. The Laghman granitoid complex is characterized by the sequential intrusion of three intrusive phases: 1 – diorites, quartz diorites, granodiorites, and plagiogranites; 2 – porphyritic biotite granites, amphibolebiotite granites, and granodiorites; 3 – two mica and biotite granites, granite porphyries, aplite, and pegmatoid granites. Rare-metal pegmatites are confined to the third phase of the Laghman granite intrusion. Here, granites are characterized by heterogeneous texture, from granoblastic to granitic, with fragments of aplitic and poikilitic texture. The host rocks of pegmatites are Triassic phyllite-like quartz-mica schists and Proterozoic gneisses and quartzites. Additionally, pegmatites are found within intrusive rocks, specifically within gabbro-diorites massifs of the Nilaw complex. The morphology of the bodies of rare-metal pegmatites is diverse. Veins with swells and plate-like bodies predominate, while lens-shaped forms and irregularly oriented veins are less common. The thickness of pegmatite veins ranges from 1 to 60 m, and their length varies from tens of meters to 2–5 km. It is assumed that the formation of the Laghman granitoid complex is a consequence of the collision of the Indian continent with Eurasia.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>Редкометалльные пегматиты</kwd>
    <kwd>геологическое строение</kwd>
    <kwd>тектоника</kwd>
    <kwd>сподумен</kwd>
    <kwd>гранитоид</kwd>
    <kwd>гранит</kwd>
    <kwd>диорит</kwd>
    <kwd>Нуристан</kwd>
    <kwd>Афганистан</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Rare-metal pegmatites</kwd>
    <kwd>geologic structure</kwd>
    <kwd>Tectonic</kwd>
    <kwd>spodumene</kwd>
    <kwd>granitoid</kwd>
    <kwd>granite</kwd>
    <kwd>diorite</kwd>
    <kwd>Nuristan</kwd>
    <kwd>Afghanistan</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают благодарность А. М. Мусазаю, Н. Сахаку, Х. Вайзи и А. Б. Канету за помощь в проведении полевых работ и отборе проб. Благодарим А. В. Козлова и С. Г. Скублова за консультации и помощь в аналитических исследованиях. Работа выполнена за счет собственных средств авторов, без привлечения внешнего финансирования.</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors express their gratitude to A. M. Musazai, N. Sakhak, H. Vayzi and A. B. Kanet for assistance in conducting field work and sampling. We thank A. V. Kozlov and S. G. Skublov for consultations and assistance in analytical studies. The work was carried out at the authors’ own expense, without attracting external funding.</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
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