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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">1681-1208</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">97828</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2205/2026es001096</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">hcxtnr</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Catchment Areas Climate Reconstruction Attempt by the Example of Upper Frasnian Kodinka Formation in the Middle Urals</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Опыт реконструкции климата на палеоводосборах на примере верхнефранской кодинской свиты (восточный склон Среднего Урала)</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0050-3495</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Мельничук</surname>
       <given-names>Олег Юрьевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Mel'nichuk</surname>
       <given-names>Oleg Yurievich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>o.u.melnichuk@gmail.com</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-6923</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Бадида</surname>
       <given-names>Людмила Владимировна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Badida</surname>
       <given-names>Lyudmila Vladimirovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат геолого-минералогических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of geological and mineralogical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт геологии и геохимии УрО РАН</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A. N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт геологии и геохимии УрО РАН</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">A. N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-17T11:28:44+03:00">
    <day>17</day>
    <month>04</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-17T11:28:44+03:00">
    <day>17</day>
    <month>04</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>26</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <elocation-id>ES1016</elocation-id>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-21T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>21</day>
     <month>04</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-11T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>11</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/97828/view">https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/97828/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Основным объектом исследования являются глинистые породы (в основном алевритовые аргиллиты) кодинской свиты, обнажающейся на Среднем Урале и являющейся результатом разрушения аккреционного орогена на восточной окраине Восточно-Европейской платформы (ВЕП) в позднефранское время в низких широтах. Для реконструкции особенностей источников сноса и климата на водосборах указанной свиты изучен химический (породообразующие, редкие и рассеянные элементы) состав аргиллитов. Выявлено, что в ходе образования свиты неоднократно происходили изменения в области водосборных площадей, приводившие к ослаблению химического выветривания и усилению физического. Последнее было сопряжено с проградацией рек в приёмный бассейн, а также приводило к увеличению общей доли продуктов размыва основных и ультраосновных пород в осадках. В частности, к увеличению концентрации Ni, Cr, Mg и Na в глинистых и ассоциирующихся с ними отложениях. Скорее всего, усиление физического выветривания было связано с эпизодами тектонической активности (а не, например, с образованием горных ледников), «затушёвывавшими» климатические факторы, нежели с чем-то иным. С учётом сказанного дельтовые и ассоциирующиеся с ними образования были исключены нами как ненадёжные при восстановлении климата на палеоводосборах. Для реконструкций были привлечены уравнение К. Ден с соавторами, индекс химического изменения (CIA), «надёжный» RW-индекс (robust weathering index) и индекс изменения основных магматических пород (MIA). Величины среднегодовых температур в приземном слое воздуха (порядка 15–20 ∘C), подсчитанные для образцов, отобранных из литоральных и сублиторальных фаций, и особенности накопления в них Ti, позволяют предполагать наличие тёплого гумидного климата в областях сноса при накоплении кодинской свиты. По всей видимости, такой климат на восточной периферии ВЕП возник не в турнейском времени, как это показано на палеоклиматических картах глобального характера, а несколько ранее.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Kodinka Formation mudstones (mainly silty claystones) in the Middle Urals are the main research subject. They have source rocks from Upper Frasnian accretionary orogen in the East European Platform (EEP) east margin. We studied mineral and chemical (major oxides and some trace elements) composition of the claystones for source rocks and watersheds climate reconstructions. During that we traced back to multiple source shift, which was the key to physical weathering improvement and chemical weathering weaking, which, in turn, facilitated delta progradation to the discharge area, also led to the presence of a more distinct geochemical signal of mafic and ultramafic rocks in the erosion products: an increase in the amount of Ni, Cr, Mg and Na in mud deposits. Most likely, this phenomenon was associated with episodes of tectonic activity (and not, for example, with the mountain glaciers buildup), which “obscured” climatic factors, rather than with something else. In this reason, deltaic and associated deposits were excluded from dataset as unreliable when reconstructing climate using the equation of K. Deng et al. and the chemical index of alteration, as well as the robust weathering index and mafic index of alteration. The near-surface mean annual air temperatures values (about 15–20 ∘C) calculated for samples taken from littoral and sublittoral facies, and the characteristics of titanium accumulation in them allow us to assume the existence of a warm humid low latitude climate for the catchment areas of the Kodinka Formation. Apparently, such a climate on the eastern periphery of the EEP began to exist not from the Tournaisian age, as shown on global paleoclimatic maps, but somewhat earlier.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>геохимия</kwd>
    <kwd>глинистые породы</kwd>
    <kwd>индексы выветривания</kwd>
    <kwd>палеоводосборы</kwd>
    <kwd>изменения состава петрофонда</kwd>
    <kwd>поздний девон</kwd>
    <kwd>Средний Урал</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Geochemistry</kwd>
    <kwd>mudrocks</kwd>
    <kwd>alteration indices</kwd>
    <kwd>source area</kwd>
    <kwd>source shift</kwd>
    <kwd>Late Devonian</kwd>
    <kwd>Middle Urals</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Все аналитические исследования аргиллитов проводились сотрудниками ИГГ УрО РАН: рентгенофлуоресцентный анализ – Н. П. Горбуновой, Л. А. Татариновой, Г. С. Неупокоевой, определение редких и рассеянных элементов – Д. В. Киселевой, О. А. Березиковой, Л. К. Дерюгина, Н. Н. Адамович и Н. В. Чередниченко. Авторы выражают искреннюю благодарность рецензентам за ознакомление с рукописью, замечания и комментарии, поспособствовавшие её существенному улучшению, а также благодарят сотрудников КФУ А. Н. Кольчугина и В. П. Морозова за ценные советы. Исследования проведены в соответствии с темой госзадания ИГГ УрО РАН (№ госрегистрации 123011800013-6).</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">All analytical studies of the mudstones were conducted by staff members of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences: X-ray fluorescence analysis was performed by N. P. Gorbunova, L. A. Tatarinova, and G. S. Neupokoeva; determination of rare and trace elements was performed by D. V. Kiseleva, O. A. Berezikova, L. K. Deryugina, N. N. Adamovich, and N. V. Cherednichenko. The authors express their sincere gratitude to the reviewers for reviewing the manuscript and for their comments and suggestions, which contributed to its significant improvement. They also thank KFU staff members A. N. Kolchugin and V. P. Morozov for their valuable advice. The research was conducted in accordance with the state assignment for the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (State Registration No. 123011800013-6).</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
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