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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">1681-1208</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">99189</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2205/2025ES001055</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">iogilw</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Identification of Areas of Probable Seismic Events Using Machine Learning</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Определение зон вероятного возникновения сейсмических событий с использованием машинного обучения</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2049-6176</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Бондур</surname>
       <given-names>Валерий Григорьевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Bondur</surname>
       <given-names>Valeriy Grigor'evich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>koshkina_vera@rambler.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9921-5965</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Воронова</surname>
       <given-names>Ольга Сергеевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Voronova</surname>
       <given-names>Olga Sergeevna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>v_olya86@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт аэрокосмического мониторинга &quot;АЭРОКОСМОС&quot;</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute for Scientific Research of Aerospace Monitoring &quot;AEROCOSMOS&quot;</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт аэрокосмического мониторинга &quot;АЭРОКОСМОС&quot;</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">AEROCOSMOS Research Institute for Aerospace Monitoring</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт аэрокосмического мониторинга “АЭРОКОСМОС”</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute for Scientific Research of Aerospace Monitoring “AEROCOSMOS”</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-08T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>08</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-08T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>08</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>25</volume>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <elocation-id>ES5003</elocation-id>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-26T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>26</day>
     <month>05</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-02T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>02</day>
     <month>09</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/99189/view">https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/99189/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Для выявления зон вероятного возникновения сильных сейсмических событий предложены модели машинного обучения, основанные на методах регрессионного анализа. Проведена оценка производительности девяти линейных и нелинейных моделей, на основании результатов которой была выбрана модель случайного леса. Произведено улучшение качества обучения модели случайного леса за счет настройки гиперпараметров, а также использования кластеризации и полярных координат. Это позволило улучшить качество обучения модели, повысив значение коэффициента детерминации до 0,86. Проведен анализ возможности применения двух нейросетей с глубоким обучением, таких как многослойный перцептрон (Multi-layer Perceptron, MLP) и долгая краткосрочная память (Long Short-Term Memory, LSTM) с использованием для обучения параметров, которые были выбраны для модели случайного леса. С применением такой модели и выбранных нейросетей глубокого обучения были предсказаны зоны вероятного возникновения сейсмических событий для территории всего земного шара, а также детально проанализированы предсказанные зоны для территории Российской Федерации. В результате проведенных исследований применение нейросетей с глубоким обучением позволило выявить большее (приблизительно на 40%) количество зон максимальной сейсмичности (с магнитудами 𝑀 ≥ 6) по сравнению с улучшенной моделью случайного леса.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Machine learning models based on regression analysis methods have been selected to identify areas of maximum risk for major seismic events. The performance of nine linear and nonlinear models was evaluated, resulting in the selection of the Random Forest model. The quality of training for the Random Forest model was improved through hyperparameter tuning as well as the use of clustering and polar coordinates. It allowed the improvement of quality of model training, increasing the value of the coefficient of determination to 0.86. An analysis was conducted on the applicability of two neural networks with deep learning: Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), using training parameters that were selected for the Random Forest model. Using this model and selected neural networks with deep learning, areas of maximum risk for seismic events were predicted for the entire globe, with a detailed analysis of predicted areas for the territory of the Russian Federation. As a result of the conducted research, the use of neural networks with deep learning made it possible to identify a greater (~40%) number of zones of maximum seismicity (with M&gt;6) compared to the improved Random Forest model.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>землетрясения</kwd>
    <kwd>сейсмоопасные территории</kwd>
    <kwd>мониторинг</kwd>
    <kwd>модели машинного обучения</kwd>
    <kwd>нейросети</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>earthquake</kwd>
    <kwd>seismically hazardous areas</kwd>
    <kwd>monitoring</kwd>
    <kwd>machine learning models</kwd>
    <kwd>neural networks</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в НИИ «АЭРОКОСМОС» в рамках Государственного задания.</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out at the AEROKOSMOS Research Institute within the framework of the State assignment.</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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