Russian Journal of Earth Sciences Russian Journal of Earth Sciences Russian Journal of Earth Sciences 1681-1208 46566 10.2205/2021ES000761 ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ ORIGINAL ARTICLES ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ Ice thickening caused by freezing of tidal jet Ice thickening caused by freezing of tidal jet Marchenko A V Marchenko A V Morozov E G Morozov E G egmoro-zov@mail.ru Ivanov A V Ivanov A V Elizarova T G Elizarova T G Frey D I Frey D I Svalbard University Center; Zubov State Oceanographic Institute ru Svalbard University Center; Zubov State Oceanographic Institute ru Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS ru Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS ru Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics ru Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics ru Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics ru Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics ru Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS ru Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS ru 21 2 29 10 2021 https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/46566/view

We observed freezing of strong tidal jet of ice-free water as it flows under the ice in Lake Vallunden in the Van Mijen Fjord, Spitsbergen. The size of Lake Vallunden is approximately 1.2 km by 650 m, and its depth is 10 m. It is connected to the Van Mijen Fjord by a channel 100 long and 10 m wide. Due to strong tides, periodical tidal current in the channel exceeds 1 m/s. In winter, water temperature in the channel is close to freezing. It strongly cools while propagating along the ice-free channel. The jet of high velocity from the channel continues into the lake and its velocity decreases in the lake. As the strong current diverges and slows down in the lake, the water freezes in close vicinity of the channel. Ice thickness was measured over the entire lake. Intense freezing occurs approximately at a distance of 100 m from the channel where the velocity of the tidal jet decreases. The ice thickness in this region reaches 120 cm, whereas in the entire lake it is 70 cm. A mathematical model is suggested showing the velocity field of diverging and circulating tidal flow in the lake. The model for numerical simulation is based on a system of shallow water equations together with the transport equation.

We observed freezing of strong tidal jet of ice-free water as it flows under the ice in Lake Vallunden in the Van Mijen Fjord, Spitsbergen. The size of Lake Vallunden is approximately 1.2 km by 650 m, and its depth is 10 m. It is connected to the Van Mijen Fjord by a channel 100 long and 10 m wide. Due to strong tides, periodical tidal current in the channel exceeds 1 m/s. In winter, water temperature in the channel is close to freezing. It strongly cools while propagating along the ice-free channel. The jet of high velocity from the channel continues into the lake and its velocity decreases in the lake. As the strong current diverges and slows down in the lake, the water freezes in close vicinity of the channel. Ice thickness was measured over the entire lake. Intense freezing occurs approximately at a distance of 100 m from the channel where the velocity of the tidal jet decreases. The ice thickness in this region reaches 120 cm, whereas in the entire lake it is 70 cm. A mathematical model is suggested showing the velocity field of diverging and circulating tidal flow in the lake. The model for numerical simulation is based on a system of shallow water equations together with the transport equation.

 Current under ice Spitsbergen Van Mijen Fjord freezing tidal jet Current under ice Spitsbergen Van Mijen Fjord freezing tidal jet This field research was supported by the Norwegian Research Council (NFR) (project no. 196138/S30) and by the State Task of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology (0128-2021-0002). Analysis of ice thickness was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 21-17-00278), model simulations were supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 19-57-60001 and 19-01-00262).

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