Russian Journal of Earth Sciences Russian Journal of Earth Sciences Russian Journal of Earth Sciences 1681-1208 46627 ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ ORIGINAL ARTICLES ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ Environmental effects of the 2011--2012 Tuva earthquakes (Russia): Application of ESI 2007 macroseismic scale in the Siberian mountains Environmental effects of the 2011--2012 Tuva earthquakes (Russia): Application of ESI 2007 macroseismic scale in the Siberian mountains Ovsyuchenko A N Ovsyuchenko A N Rogozhin E A Rogozhin E A Marakhanov A V Marakhanov A V Butanaev Yu V Butanaev Yu V Larkov A S Larkov A S Novikov S S Novikov S S Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences ru Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences ru Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences ru Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences ru Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences ru Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences ru Tuva Institute for Exploration of Natural Resources, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences ru Tuva Institute for Exploration of Natural Resources, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences ru Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences ru Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences ru Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences ru Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences ru 17 1 1 16 29 10 2021 https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/46627/view

The data on the environmental manifestation of the Tuva earthquakes 27.12.2011 ($Ms=6.7$) and 26.02.2012 ($Ms=6.8$) are presented. The earthquake effects are distinctly divided into two groups: the secondary effects as result of the seismic shaking and primary effects which are directly related to the seismic rupture at the surface. The small length of the seismic ruptures of both earthquakes comparing to the magnitude is their distinctive feature. The data on the distribution of the total secondary effects of both earthquakes are collected. The shock intensity map (ESI~2007 scale) is compiled. For the case of the Tuva earthquakes ESI~2007 scale proves to be of an indispensable tool because of the other criteria lack for the assessment of the shock effects within the epicentral area. The use of the ESI~2007 scale revealed some difficulties in its application for the Siberian mountain: the scale did not consider the difference between permafrost and not permafrost soils, as well as between winter and summer conditions. Obviously the earthquake manifestations widely vary depending on these conditions in Siberian continental climate. Nevertheless the use of scale allowed us to obtain a large amount of new data on the effects of strong seismic events in the Altai--Sayan region.

The data on the environmental manifestation of the Tuva earthquakes 27.12.2011 ($Ms=6.7$) and 26.02.2012 ($Ms=6.8$) are presented. The earthquake effects are distinctly divided into two groups: the secondary effects as result of the seismic shaking and primary effects which are directly related to the seismic rupture at the surface. The small length of the seismic ruptures of both earthquakes comparing to the magnitude is their distinctive feature. The data on the distribution of the total secondary effects of both earthquakes are collected. The shock intensity map (ESI~2007 scale) is compiled. For the case of the Tuva earthquakes ESI~2007 scale proves to be of an indispensable tool because of the other criteria lack for the assessment of the shock effects within the epicentral area. The use of the ESI~2007 scale revealed some difficulties in its application for the Siberian mountain: the scale did not consider the difference between permafrost and not permafrost soils, as well as between winter and summer conditions. Obviously the earthquake manifestations widely vary depending on these conditions in Siberian continental climate. Nevertheless the use of scale allowed us to obtain a large amount of new data on the effects of strong seismic events in the Altai--Sayan region.

 Earthquakes earthquake source seismic rupture fault zone secondary effects of earthquake Earthquakes earthquake source seismic rupture fault zone secondary effects of earthquake

Arzhannikov, S. G. Paleoseismic dislocations in the Ottugtaiginsko-Azassky fault zone (Eastern Tuva), // Russian Geology and Geophysics, 2000. - v. 41 - no. 11 - p. 1499. Arzhannikov, S. G. Paleoseismic dislocations in the Ottugtaiginsko-Azassky fault zone (Eastern Tuva), // Russian Geology and Geophysics, 2000. - v. 41 - no. 11 - p. 1499. Arzhannikov, S. G., Zelenkov, P. Ya. Strong Paleoearthquakes of Akademik Obruchev Range (Eastern Tuva) // Seismicity and Seismic Zoning of Northern Eurasia, No. 2/3 - Moscow: UIPE RAS., 1995. - p. 323. Arzhannikov, S. G., Zelenkov, P. Ya. Strong Paleoearthquakes of Akademik Obruchev Range (Eastern Tuva) // Seismicity and Seismic Zoning of Northern Eurasia, No. 2/3 - Moscow: UIPE RAS., 1995. - p. 323. Baljinnyam, I., et al. Ruptures of major earthquakes and active deformation in Mongolia and its surroundings, // Geological Society of America, 1993. - v. 181 - p. 323. Baljinnyam, I., et al. Ruptures of major earthquakes and active deformation in Mongolia and its surroundings, // Geological Society of America, 1993. - v. 181 - p. 323. Berzhinsky, Yu. A., et al. Application of the ESI-2007 Scale for Estimating the Intensity of the Kultuk Earthquake, August 27 2008 (South Baikal), // Seismic Instruments, 2010. - v. 46 - no. 4 - p. 307. Berzhinsky, Yu. A., et al. Application of the ESI-2007 Scale for Estimating the Intensity of the Kultuk Earthquake, August 27 2008 (South Baikal), // Seismic Instruments, 2010. - v. 46 - no. 4 - p. 307. Chernov, G. A. Seismogeological and neotectonic studies in the Altai-Sayan area // Seismogeology of the Eastern Altai-Sayan Mountain Area (Solonenko V. P., Nikolaev V. A., eds.) - Novosibirsk: Nauka., 1978. - p. 6. Chernov, G. A. Seismogeological and neotectonic studies in the Altai-Sayan area // Seismogeology of the Eastern Altai-Sayan Mountain Area (Solonenko V. P., Nikolaev V. A., eds.) - Novosibirsk: Nauka., 1978. - p. 6. Emanov, A. F., Emanov, A. A., Leskova, E. V., Seleznev, V. S., Fateyev, A. V. The Tuva earthquakes of December 27, 2011, $ML = 6.7$, and February 26, 2012, $ML = 6.8$, and their aftershocks, // Doklady Earth Sciences, 2014. - v. 456 - no. 1 - p. 594. Emanov, A. F., Emanov, A. A., Leskova, E. V., Seleznev, V. S., Fateyev, A. V. The Tuva earthquakes of December 27, 2011, $ML = 6.7$, and February 26, 2012, $ML = 6.8$, and their aftershocks, // Doklady Earth Sciences, 2014. - v. 456 - no. 1 - p. 594. Ivanovsky, L. N., Vyrkin, V. B. Geomorphological research in Siberia // Geography of Siberia - Delhi: Research India Publications., 2006. - p. 37. Ivanovsky, L. N., Vyrkin, V. B. Geomorphological research in Siberia // Geography of Siberia - Delhi: Research India Publications., 2006. - p. 37. Goldin, S. V., Kuchai, O. A. Seismic strain in the Altai-Sayan active seismic area and elements of collisional geodinamics, // Russian Geology and Geophysics, 2007. - v. 48 - no. 7 - p. 536. Goldin, S. V., Kuchai, O. A. Seismic strain in the Altai-Sayan active seismic area and elements of collisional geodinamics, // Russian Geology and Geophysics, 2007. - v. 48 - no. 7 - p. 536. Guerrieri, L., Tatevossian, R. , Vittori, E. , Commerci, V. , Esposito, E., Michetti, A. M., Porfido, S., Serva, L. Earthquake environmental effects (EEE) and intensity assessment: the INQUA scale project, // Boll. Soc. Geol. It., 2007. - v. 126 - no. 2 - p. 375. Guerrieri, L., Tatevossian, R. , Vittori, E. , Commerci, V. , Esposito, E., Michetti, A. M., Porfido, S., Serva, L. Earthquake environmental effects (EEE) and intensity assessment: the INQUA scale project, // Boll. Soc. Geol. It., 2007. - v. 126 - no. 2 - p. 375. Kudryavtsev, G. A., Kuznetsov. V. A. (Eds.) Geology of the USSR. Tuva ASSR, part 1 (Geology Description), vol. 29 - Moscow: Nedra., 1966. - 459 pp. Kudryavtsev, G. A., Kuznetsov. V. A. (Eds.) Geology of the USSR. Tuva ASSR, part 1 (Geology Description), vol. 29 - Moscow: Nedra., 1966. - 459 pp. McCalpin, J. P. (Ed.) Paleoseismology, 2nd Edition - Amsterdam-London: Elsevier Publishing., 2009. - 647 pp. McCalpin, J. P. (Ed.) Paleoseismology, 2nd Edition - Amsterdam-London: Elsevier Publishing., 2009. - 647 pp. Michetti, A. M., et al. The INQUA scale. An innovative approach for assessing earthquake intensities based on seismically induced ground effects in natural environment, // Special paper APAT, Memorie descritive della carta geologica d'Italia, 2004. - v. 67 - p. 375. Michetti, A. M., et al. The INQUA scale. An innovative approach for assessing earthquake intensities based on seismically induced ground effects in natural environment, // Special paper APAT, Memorie descritive della carta geologica d'Italia, 2004. - v. 67 - p. 375. Michetti, A. M., et al. Intensity scale ESI~2007, // Special paper APAT, Memorie descritive della carta geologica d'Italia, 2007. - v. 74 - p. 375. Michetti, A. M., et al. Intensity scale ESI~2007, // Special paper APAT, Memorie descritive della carta geologica d'Italia, 2007. - v. 74 - p. 375. Ovsyuchenko, A. N., Marakhanov, A. V. , Vakarchuk, R. N. , Larkov, A. S., Novikov, S. S., Rogozhin, E. A. Geological and macroseismic manifestations of the earthquake on October 16, 2011 in the Skovorodino region, Amur oblast, // Seismic Instruments, 2013. - v. 49 - no. 4 - p. 315. Ovsyuchenko, A. N., Marakhanov, A. V. , Vakarchuk, R. N. , Larkov, A. S., Novikov, S. S., Rogozhin, E. A. Geological and macroseismic manifestations of the earthquake on October 16, 2011 in the Skovorodino region, Amur oblast, // Seismic Instruments, 2013. - v. 49 - no. 4 - p. 315. Rogozhin, E. A., Shen, X. The seismotectonic and macroseismic features of the Wenchuan (Sichuan) earthquake ($Ms = 8.0$) of May 12, 2008, // Seismic Instruments, 2011. - v. 47 - no. 2 - p. 167. Rogozhin, E. A., Shen, X. The seismotectonic and macroseismic features of the Wenchuan (Sichuan) earthquake ($Ms = 8.0$) of May 12, 2008, // Seismic Instruments, 2011. - v. 47 - no. 2 - p. 167. Rogozhin, E. A., Ovsyuchenko, A. N. , Marakhanov, A. V. , Larkov, A. S., Novikov, S. S. Tectonic position and preliminary data on geological manifestations of the 2011-2012 Tuva earthquakes, // Seismic Instruments, 2013. - v. 49 - no. 2 - p. 178. Rogozhin, E. A., Ovsyuchenko, A. N. , Marakhanov, A. V. , Larkov, A. S., Novikov, S. S. Tectonic position and preliminary data on geological manifestations of the 2011-2012 Tuva earthquakes, // Seismic Instruments, 2013. - v. 49 - no. 2 - p. 178. Rogozhin, E. A., Ovsyuchenko, A. N. , Marakhanov, A. V. , Novikov, S. S., Larkov, A. S. Geological Manifestations of the 2011-2012 Tuva Earthquakes, // Doklady Earth Sciences, 2015. - v. 462 - no. 1 - p. 728. Rogozhin, E. A., Ovsyuchenko, A. N. , Marakhanov, A. V. , Novikov, S. S., Larkov, A. S. Geological Manifestations of the 2011-2012 Tuva Earthquakes, // Doklady Earth Sciences, 2015. - v. 462 - no. 1 - p. 728. Serva, L., et al. Earthquake Hazard and the Environmental Seismic Intensity (ESI) Scale, // Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2016. - v. 173 - no. 5 - p. 1479. Serva, L., et al. Earthquake Hazard and the Environmental Seismic Intensity (ESI) Scale, // Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2016. - v. 173 - no. 5 - p. 1479. Tatevossian, R. E. The Verny, 1887, Earthquake in Central Asia: Application of the INQUA Scale, Based on Coseismic Environmental Effects, // Quaternary International, 2007. - v. 173-174 - p. 23. Tatevossian, R. E. The Verny, 1887, Earthquake in Central Asia: Application of the INQUA Scale, Based on Coseismic Environmental Effects, // Quaternary International, 2007. - v. 173-174 - p. 23. Tatevossian, R. E., et al. Earthquake intensity assessment based on environmental effects: principles and case studies, // Geological Society London, Special Publications, 2009. - v. 316 - p. 73. Tatevossian, R. E., et al. Earthquake intensity assessment based on environmental effects: principles and case studies, // Geological Society London, Special Publications, 2009. - v. 316 - p. 73. Tatevossian, R. E., Mokrushina, N. G. , Ovsyuchenko, A. N. , Tatevossian, T. N. Geological and Macroseismic Effects of the Muya, 1957 Earthquake and Paleoearthquakes in Baikal Region, // Seismic Instruments, 2010. - v. 46 - no. 2 - p. 152. Tatevossian, R. E., Mokrushina, N. G. , Ovsyuchenko, A. N. , Tatevossian, T. N. Geological and Macroseismic Effects of the Muya, 1957 Earthquake and Paleoearthquakes in Baikal Region, // Seismic Instruments, 2010. - v. 46 - no. 2 - p. 152. Zhalkovsky, N. D., Kuchai, O. A., Muchnaya, V. I. Seismicity and some characteristics of the state of stress of the Earth's crust in the Altai-Sayan region, // Russian Geology and Geophysics, 1995. - v. 36 - no. 10 - p. 16. Zhalkovsky, N. D., Kuchai, O. A., Muchnaya, V. I. Seismicity and some characteristics of the state of stress of the Earth's crust in the Altai-Sayan region, // Russian Geology and Geophysics, 1995. - v. 36 - no. 10 - p. 16.