<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">1681-1208</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">47002</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Long-term solar activity variations as a stimulator of abrupt climate change</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Long-term solar activity variations as a stimulator of abrupt climate change</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Raspopov</surname>
       <given-names>O M</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Raspopov</surname>
       <given-names>O M</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Dergachev</surname>
       <given-names>A V</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Dergachev</surname>
       <given-names>A V</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Kolstrom</surname>
       <given-names>T </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kolstrom</surname>
       <given-names>T </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Kuzmin</surname>
       <given-names>A V</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kuzmin</surname>
       <given-names>A V</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Lopatin</surname>
       <given-names>E V</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Lopatin</surname>
       <given-names>E V</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Lisitsyna</surname>
       <given-names>O V</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Lisitsyna</surname>
       <given-names>O V</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">St.Petersburg Filial of Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radiowave Propagation of RAS, St.Petersburg, Russia</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">St.Petersburg Filial of Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radiowave Propagation of RAS, St.Petersburg, Russia</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute of RAS, St.Petersburg, Russia</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute of RAS, St.Petersburg, Russia</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Mekrij¨arvi Research Station, University of Joensuu, Joensuu, Finland</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Mekrij¨arvi Research Station, University of Joensuu, Joensuu, Finland</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Polar Botanical Garden-Institute KolaSC RAS, Kirovsk, Murmansk Region, Russia</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Polar Botanical Garden-Institute KolaSC RAS, Kirovsk, Murmansk Region, Russia</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Biology Institute of KomiSC of Ural Branch, RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Biology Institute of KomiSC of Ural Branch, RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Oulu University, Oulu, Finland</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Oulu University, Oulu, Finland</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>9</volume>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>1</fpage>
   <lpage>9</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-11-10T19:21:13+03:00">
     <day>10</day>
     <month>11</month>
     <year>2021</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/47002/view">https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/47002/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Analysis of solar forcing of climate on long time scales has shown that it is necessary to take into consideration the influence of long-term solar cyclicity, such as 200 and 2300-2400-year cycles, on climate. Even in the relatively warm climate of the last 10,000 years, a tendency to climate cooling at deep minima of long-term solar cyclicity is observed. Along with this, a long-term solar forcing of climate manifests itself not only as an external factor due the influence of solar irradiance variations on the atmosphere-ocean system, but also as a stimulator of internal processes in the climatic system, which, in turn, can lead to abrupt climate change. Large-scale abrupt climate oscillations - warmings and subsequent coolings Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles - have been revealed in cores of Greenland ice for the interval 60,000-10,000 years BP. They are attributed to the ice-rafting events in the North Atlantic. A comparative analysis of the development of Dansgaard-Oeschger events and solar activity variations variations in the 10Be concentration in Greenland ice has shown that these climatic and solar processes developed simultaneously. It is evident that ice-rafting events were stimulated by an increasing ambient temperature and, hence, they are associated with a high solar activity level. A similar effect of solar activity has been revealed for the time interval of the Holocene. Thus, not only a low, but also a high level of solar activity was in the past a stimulator of abrupt climate changes.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Analysis of solar forcing of climate on long time scales has shown that it is necessary to take into consideration the influence of long-term solar cyclicity, such as 200 and 2300-2400-year cycles, on climate. Even in the relatively warm climate of the last 10,000 years, a tendency to climate cooling at deep minima of long-term solar cyclicity is observed. Along with this, a long-term solar forcing of climate manifests itself not only as an external factor due the influence of solar irradiance variations on the atmosphere-ocean system, but also as a stimulator of internal processes in the climatic system, which, in turn, can lead to abrupt climate change. Large-scale abrupt climate oscillations - warmings and subsequent coolings Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles - have been revealed in cores of Greenland ice for the interval 60,000-10,000 years BP. They are attributed to the ice-rafting events in the North Atlantic. A comparative analysis of the development of Dansgaard-Oeschger events and solar activity variations variations in the 10Be concentration in Greenland ice has shown that these climatic and solar processes developed simultaneously. It is evident that ice-rafting events were stimulated by an increasing ambient temperature and, hence, they are associated with a high solar activity level. A similar effect of solar activity has been revealed for the time interval of the Holocene. Thus, not only a low, but also a high level of solar activity was in the past a stimulator of abrupt climate changes.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>solar activity variations</kwd>
    <kwd>abrupt climate change</kwd>
    <kwd>ice-rafting events.</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>solar activity variations</kwd>
    <kwd>abrupt climate change</kwd>
    <kwd>ice-rafting events.</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bard, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 150, 1997., doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X9700082-4</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bard, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 150, 1997., doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X9700082-4</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beer, Space Sci. Rev., v. 94, 2000., doi: 10.1023/A:1026778013901</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beer, Space Sci. Rev., v. 94, 2000., doi: 10.1023/A:1026778013901</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bjune, Boreas, v. 33, 2004., doi: 10.1080/03009480410001244</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bjune, Boreas, v. 33, 2004., doi: 10.1080/03009480410001244</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bond, Science, v. 267, 1995., doi: 10.1126/science.267.5200.1005</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bond, Science, v. 267, 1995., doi: 10.1126/science.267.5200.1005</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bond, Science, v. 294, 2001., doi: 10.1126/science.1065680</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bond, Science, v. 294, 2001., doi: 10.1126/science.1065680</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bond, Mechanism of Global Climate Change at Millennial Time Scales, edited by P. Clark, R. Webb, L. Keigwin, Geophysical Monograph Series, v. 122, 1999.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bond, Mechanism of Global Climate Change at Millennial Time Scales, edited by P. Clark, R. Webb, L. Keigwin, Geophysical Monograph Series, v. 122, 1999.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dansgaard, Nature, v. 364, 1993., doi: 10.1038/364218a0</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dansgaard, Nature, v. 364, 1993., doi: 10.1038/364218a0</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">deMenocal, Quat. Res. Rev., v. 19, 2000.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">deMenocal, Quat. Res. Rev., v. 19, 2000.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Denton, Quat. Res., v. 3, 1973., doi: 10.1016/0033-58947390040-9</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denton, Quat. Res., v. 3, 1973., doi: 10.1016/0033-58947390040-9</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dergachev, &quot;Solar activity as a factor of space weather&quot;, Proc. of IX Pulkovo International Conference of Solar Physics, 4 - 9 July 2005, 2005.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dergachev, &quot;Solar activity as a factor of space weather&quot;, Proc. of IX Pulkovo International Conference of Solar Physics, 4 - 9 July 2005, 2005.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eddy, Science, v. 192, 1976., doi: 10.1126/science.192.4245.1189</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eddy, Science, v. 192, 1976., doi: 10.1126/science.192.4245.1189</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Finkel, J. Geophys. Res., v. 102, no. C12, 1997.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Finkel, J. Geophys. Res., v. 102, no. C12, 1997.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gill, The great Maya Droughts: Water, Life, and Death, 2000.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gill, The great Maya Droughts: Water, Life, and Death, 2000.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grootes, Nature, v. 366, 1993., doi: 10.1038/366552a0</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grootes, Nature, v. 366, 1993., doi: 10.1038/366552a0</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grootes, J. Geophys. Res., v. 102, 1997.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grootes, J. Geophys. Res., v. 102, 1997.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grudd, Tree rings as sensitive proxies of past climate change, 2006.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grudd, Tree rings as sensitive proxies of past climate change, 2006.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haug, Science, v. 293, 2001., doi: 10.1126/science.1059725</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haug, Science, v. 293, 2001., doi: 10.1126/science.1059725</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heikkila, Quat. Sci. Rev., v. 22, 2003., doi: 10.1016/S0277-37910200189-0</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heikkila, Quat. Sci. Rev., v. 22, 2003., doi: 10.1016/S0277-37910200189-0</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Helamma, Boreas, v. 33, 2004., doi: 10.1080/03009480410001253</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Helamma, Boreas, v. 33, 2004., doi: 10.1080/03009480410001253</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hodell, Nature, v. 352, 1991., doi: 10.1038/352790a0</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hodell, Nature, v. 352, 1991., doi: 10.1038/352790a0</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hormes, Holocene, v. 11, 2001., doi: 10.1191/095968301675275728</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hormes, Holocene, v. 11, 2001., doi: 10.1191/095968301675275728</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koch, PAGES News, v. 14, no. 3, 2006.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koch, PAGES News, v. 14, no. 3, 2006.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kultii, Holocene, v. 16, no. 3, 2006., doi: 10.1191/0959683606hl934rp</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kultii, Holocene, v. 16, no. 3, 2006., doi: 10.1191/0959683606hl934rp</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">MacDonald, Holocene, v. 10, no. 1, 2000.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MacDonald, Holocene, v. 10, no. 1, 2000.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mayewsky, Quat. Res., v. 62, 2004., doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2004.07.001</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mayewsky, Quat. Res., v. 62, 2004., doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2004.07.001</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B26">
    <label>26.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meeker, Holocene, v. 12, no. 3, 2002., doi: 10.1191/0959683602hl542ft</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meeker, Holocene, v. 12, no. 3, 2002., doi: 10.1191/0959683602hl542ft</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B27">
    <label>27.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raspopov, &quot;Climatic and ecological aspects of solar activity&quot;, Proc. of VII Pulkovo International Conference of Solar Physics, 7 - 11 July 2003, 2003.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raspopov, &quot;Climatic and ecological aspects of solar activity&quot;, Proc. of VII Pulkovo International Conference of Solar Physics, 7 - 11 July 2003, 2003.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B28">
    <label>28.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raspopov, Int. J. Geomag. and Aeronomy, v. 45, no. 3, 2005.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raspopov, Int. J. Geomag. and Aeronomy, v. 45, no. 3, 2005.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B29">
    <label>29.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raspopov, &quot;Dendrochronology and environmental trends&quot;, Proc. of the International Conference &quot;EURODENDRO-98&quot;, 17 - 21 June, Kaunas, Lithuania, edited by V. Stravinskine and R. Juknys, 1998.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raspopov, &quot;Dendrochronology and environmental trends&quot;, Proc. of the International Conference &quot;EURODENDRO-98&quot;, 17 - 21 June, Kaunas, Lithuania, edited by V. Stravinskine and R. Juknys, 1998.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B30">
    <label>30.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raspopov, Proc. 1st Solar and Space Weather Euroconference &quot;The Solar cycle and Terrestrial Climate&quot; Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain, 25 - 29 September 2000, 2000.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raspopov, Proc. 1st Solar and Space Weather Euroconference &quot;The Solar cycle and Terrestrial Climate&quot; Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain, 25 - 29 September 2000, 2000.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B31">
    <label>31.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raspopov, &quot;Solar activity as a factor of space weather&quot;, Proc. of IX Pulkovo International Conference of Solar Physics, 4 - 9 July 2005, 2005.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raspopov, &quot;Solar activity as a factor of space weather&quot;, Proc. of IX Pulkovo International Conference of Solar Physics, 4 - 9 July 2005, 2005.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B32">
    <label>32.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raspopov, Adv. Space Res., v. 40, no. 7, 2007., doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2007.01.081</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raspopov, Adv. Space Res., v. 40, no. 7, 2007., doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2007.01.081</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B33">
    <label>33.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Renssen, Geophys. Res. Lett., v. 28, 2001., doi: 10.1029/2000GL012602</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Renssen, Geophys. Res. Lett., v. 28, 2001., doi: 10.1029/2000GL012602</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B34">
    <label>34.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ristvet, Eos Trans. AGU, v. 84, no. 46, 2003.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ristvet, Eos Trans. AGU, v. 84, no. 46, 2003.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B35">
    <label>35.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rogers, Mon. Weather Rev., v. 107, 1979., doi: 10.1175/1520-04931979107lt;0509:TSIWTBgt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rogers, Mon. Weather Rev., v. 107, 1979., doi: 10.1175/1520-04931979107lt;0509:TSIWTBgt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B36">
    <label>36.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rohling, Nature, v. 434, 2005., doi: 10.1038/nature03421</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rohling, Nature, v. 434, 2005., doi: 10.1038/nature03421</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B37">
    <label>37.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sepp#xE4;, Quat. Res., v. 61, 2004., doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2003.08.005</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sepp#xE4;, Quat. Res., v. 61, 2004., doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2003.08.005</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B38">
    <label>38.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaffer, Geophys. Res. Lett., v. 31, 2004., doi: 10.1029/2004GL020968</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaffer, Geophys. Res. Lett., v. 31, 2004., doi: 10.1029/2004GL020968</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B39">
    <label>39.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shindell, Science, v. 294, 2001., doi: 10.1126/science.1064363</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shindell, Science, v. 294, 2001., doi: 10.1126/science.1064363</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B40">
    <label>40.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soon, The Maunder Minimum and the Variable Sun-Earth Connection, 2003.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soon, The Maunder Minimum and the Variable Sun-Earth Connection, 2003.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B41">
    <label>41.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stuiver, Radiocarbon, v. 40, no. 3, 1998.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stuiver, Radiocarbon, v. 40, no. 3, 1998.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B42">
    <label>42.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thompson, PINAS, v. 103, no. 28, 2006., doi: 10.1073/pnas.0603900103</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thompson, PINAS, v. 103, no. 28, 2006., doi: 10.1073/pnas.0603900103</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B43">
    <label>43.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Geel, &quot;Natural Catastrophes During Bronze Age Civilizations&quot;, BAR International Series, vol. 728, edited by B. J. Peiser, T. Palmer, M. Bailey, 1998.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Geel, &quot;Natural Catastrophes During Bronze Age Civilizations&quot;, BAR International Series, vol. 728, edited by B. J. Peiser, T. Palmer, M. Bailey, 1998.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B44">
    <label>44.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Loon, Mon. Weather Rev., v. 106, 1978., doi: 10.1175/1520-04931978106lt;0296:TSIWTBgt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Loon, Mon. Weather Rev., v. 106, 1978., doi: 10.1175/1520-04931978106lt;0296:TSIWTBgt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
