<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">1681-1208</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">47099</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">New paleomagnetic data for the Hauterivian-Aptian deposits of the Middle Volga region: A possibility of global correlation and dating of time-shifting of stratigraphic boundaries</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>New paleomagnetic data for the Hauterivian-Aptian deposits of the Middle Volga region: A possibility of global correlation and dating of time-shifting of stratigraphic boundaries</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Guzhikov</surname>
       <given-names>A Yu</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Guzhikov</surname>
       <given-names>A Yu</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Birbina</surname>
       <given-names>A V</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Birbina</surname>
       <given-names>A V</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Baraboshkin</surname>
       <given-names>E Yu</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Baraboshkin</surname>
       <given-names>E Yu</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <volume>5</volume>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <fpage>401</fpage>
   <lpage>430</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-11-10T23:23:03+03:00">
     <day>10</day>
     <month>11</month>
     <year>2021</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/47099/view">https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/47099/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>The aim of this project was to study the paleomagnetic stratigraphy of the Hauterivian-Aptian deposits in the Middle Volga region, namely in the areas of the Saratov, Samara, and Uliyanovsk right-hand Volga areas. Original data were obtained for the first time for the magnetic polarity of the Hauterivian and Barremian rocks of the Russian Platform. The results obtained for the Aptian rocks agree very well with the results of the previous paleomagnetic studies which had been carried out in the Uliyanovsk region earlier Baraboshkin et al., 1999 and in the vicinities of Saratov City Grishanov, 1984. Based on the complex correlation of the bio- and magnetostratigraphic data for the rocks from the Middle Volga region, the North Caucasus, the North Mediterranean area, and South England, it is shown that the stage and substage boundaries of the Hauterivian, Barremian, and Aptian stages differ in terms of the absolute age from the similar boundaries in the Boreal Belt by a value of some 105 -106 years, which is comparable with the duration of the Early Cretaceous ammonite zones. The diachronism of the Lower Aptian ammonite zones Deshayesites volgensis - D. forbesi and of the Middle Aptian Parahoplites melchioris zone in different regions. The results of this study called for a complex substantiation and tracing of the units of the General Stratigraphic Scale GSS. The basic GSS unit must be a stage, rather than a zone, because where boundaries were traced over a large territory, the asynchronism of the boundaries between the zones is comparable with the duration of the zones, whereas in the case of a stage it is 1-2 orders of magnitude lower. Geomagnetic inversions or isotopic data can be used to test the isochronism of stratigraphic boundaries.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The aim of this project was to study the paleomagnetic stratigraphy of the Hauterivian-Aptian deposits in the Middle Volga region, namely in the areas of the Saratov, Samara, and Uliyanovsk right-hand Volga areas. Original data were obtained for the first time for the magnetic polarity of the Hauterivian and Barremian rocks of the Russian Platform. The results obtained for the Aptian rocks agree very well with the results of the previous paleomagnetic studies which had been carried out in the Uliyanovsk region earlier Baraboshkin et al., 1999 and in the vicinities of Saratov City Grishanov, 1984. Based on the complex correlation of the bio- and magnetostratigraphic data for the rocks from the Middle Volga region, the North Caucasus, the North Mediterranean area, and South England, it is shown that the stage and substage boundaries of the Hauterivian, Barremian, and Aptian stages differ in terms of the absolute age from the similar boundaries in the Boreal Belt by a value of some 105 -106 years, which is comparable with the duration of the Early Cretaceous ammonite zones. The diachronism of the Lower Aptian ammonite zones Deshayesites volgensis - D. forbesi and of the Middle Aptian Parahoplites melchioris zone in different regions. The results of this study called for a complex substantiation and tracing of the units of the General Stratigraphic Scale GSS. The basic GSS unit must be a stage, rather than a zone, because where boundaries were traced over a large territory, the asynchronism of the boundaries between the zones is comparable with the duration of the zones, whereas in the case of a stage it is 1-2 orders of magnitude lower. Geomagnetic inversions or isotopic data can be used to test the isochronism of stratigraphic boundaries.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>paleomagnetic data</kwd>
    <kwd>global correlation</kwd>
    <kwd>stratigraphic boundaries</kwd>
    <kwd>dating</kwd>
    <kwd>Middle Volga region.</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>paleomagnetic data</kwd>
    <kwd>global correlation</kwd>
    <kwd>stratigraphic boundaries</kwd>
    <kwd>dating</kwd>
    <kwd>Middle Volga region.</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baraboshkin, The Lower Cretaceous of the East European Platform: Stratigraphy, Paleogeography, and Boreal-Tethyan Correlation, 2001.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baraboshkin, The Lower Cretaceous of the East European Platform: Stratigraphy, Paleogeography, and Boreal-Tethyan Correlation, 2001.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baraboshkin, Tethyan/Boreal Cretaceous Correlation. Mediterranean and Boreal Cretaceous Paleobiogeographic Areas in Central and Eastern Europe, J. Michalik Ed., 2002.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baraboshkin, Tethyan/Boreal Cretaceous Correlation. Mediterranean and Boreal Cretaceous Paleobiogeographic Areas in Central and Eastern Europe, J. Michalik Ed., 2002.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baraboshkin, Stratigraphy and Geol. Correlation, v. 10, no. 6, 2002.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baraboshkin, Stratigraphy and Geol. Correlation, v. 10, no. 6, 2002.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baraboshkin, Geol. Res. Inst., Geol. Depart., New Series, Collection of Papers, Iss. 1, 1999.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baraboshkin, Geol. Res. Inst., Geol. Depart., New Series, Collection of Papers, Iss. 1, 1999.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baraboshkin, Byul. MOIP, Ser. Geol., v. 76, no. 3, 2001.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baraboshkin, Byul. MOIP, Ser. Geol., v. 76, no. 3, 2001.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baraboshkin, Palaeoclimatology, and Paleoecology, v. 196, no. 1-2, 2003., doi: 10.1016/S0031-01820300318-3</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baraboshkin, Palaeoclimatology, and Paleoecology, v. 196, no. 1-2, 2003., doi: 10.1016/S0031-01820300318-3</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bazhenov, Physics of the Earth, no. 7, 1978.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bazhenov, Physics of the Earth, no. 7, 1978.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bazhenov, Physics of the Earth, no. 6, 1985.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bazhenov, Physics of the Earth, no. 6, 1985.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biske, General Phanerozoic Stratigraphic Scale, 2001.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biske, General Phanerozoic Stratigraphic Scale, 2001.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Channell, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 108, 1992., doi: 10.1016/0012-821X9290020-V</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Channell, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 108, 1992., doi: 10.1016/0012-821X9290020-V</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Channell, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 134, 1995., doi: 10.1016/0012-821X9500111-O</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Channell, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 134, 1995., doi: 10.1016/0012-821X9500111-O</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cretaceous Zones..., Cretaceous Zones in the USSR, 1989.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cretaceous Zones..., Cretaceous Zones in the USSR, 1989.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grishanov, Geology of South Ural and Volga Region: Stratigraphy and Lithology, 1984.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grishanov, Geology of South Ural and Volga Region: Stratigraphy and Lithology, 1984.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grishanov, Nedra Povolzhiya and Prikaspiya, Iss. 33, 2003.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grishanov, Nedra Povolzhiya and Prikaspiya, Iss. 33, 2003.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guzhikov, Proc. IV All-Union Conference on Geomagnetism, Abstracts of Papers, 1991.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guzhikov, Proc. IV All-Union Conference on Geomagnetism, Abstracts of Papers, 1991.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guzhikov, Abstracts of papers, Conference on the Paleomagnetism and Magnetism of Rocks, Borok, September 24-29, 2000, 2000.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guzhikov, Abstracts of papers, Conference on the Paleomagnetism and Magnetism of Rocks, Borok, September 24-29, 2000, 2000.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guzhikov, Problems of Regional and Local Phanerozoic Stratigraphy in the Volga and North Caspian Regions, October 9-12, 2001, Saratov, 2001.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guzhikov, Problems of Regional and Local Phanerozoic Stratigraphy in the Volga and North Caspian Regions, October 9-12, 2001, Saratov, 2001.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cuzhikov, Abstr. Annual Assembly of IGCP Project no. 362 &quot;Tethyan and Boreal Cretaceous'', Maastricht, 17-18 September, 1995.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cuzhikov, Abstr. Annual Assembly of IGCP Project no. 362 &quot;Tethyan and Boreal Cretaceous'', Maastricht, 17-18 September, 1995.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guzhikov, Geodiversitas, v. 21, no. 3, 1999.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guzhikov, Geodiversitas, v. 21, no. 3, 1999.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eremin, Magnetic Stratigraphy of Aptian Rocks in the Northeast of the North Caucasus Region, 1991.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eremin, Magnetic Stratigraphy of Aptian Rocks in the Northeast of the North Caucasus Region, 1991.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erba, Bull. Inst. Royal des Sci. Nat. Belgique, v. 66, 1996.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erba, Bull. Inst. Royal des Sci. Nat. Belgique, v. 66, 1996.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haq, Special Publ., no. 42, Sea-level changes: An integrated approach, 1988.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haq, Special Publ., no. 42, Sea-level changes: An integrated approach, 1988.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kerth, J. Geol. Soc., London, v. 145, 1988.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kerth, J. Geol. Soc., London, v. 145, 1988.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khramov, Paleomagnetology, Nedra Publ., 1982.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khramov, Paleomagnetology, Nedra Publ., 1982.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leahy, Can. J. Earth Sci., v. 32, 1995.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leahy, Can. J. Earth Sci., v. 32, 1995.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B26">
    <label>26.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mikhailova, Paleontolog. J., no. 4, 2001.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikhailova, Paleontolog. J., no. 4, 2001.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B27">
    <label>27.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Molostovskii, Magnetostratigraphy and its significance in geology, 1997.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molostovskii, Magnetostratigraphy and its significance in geology, 1997.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B28">
    <label>28.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mutterlose, Palaeontographica, Abt. A, 1983.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mutterlose, Palaeontographica, Abt. A, 1983.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B29">
    <label>29.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mutterlose, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Elsevier, v. 59, no. 144, 1998., doi: 10.1016/S0031-01829800081-9</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mutterlose, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Elsevier, v. 59, no. 144, 1998., doi: 10.1016/S0031-01829800081-9</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B30">
    <label>30.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ogg, AGU Reference Shelf, v. 1, 1999.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ogg, AGU Reference Shelf, v. 1, 1999.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B31">
    <label>31.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Proceedings..., Proceedings &quot;Second International Symposium on Cretaceous Stage Boundaries'', Brussels, September 8-16, 1995, Bul. Instit. Royal des Sci. Nat. Belgique, vol. 66, Suppl., 1996.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Proceedings..., Proceedings &quot;Second International Symposium on Cretaceous Stage Boundaries'', Brussels, September 8-16, 1995, Bul. Instit. Royal des Sci. Nat. Belgique, vol. 66, Suppl., 1996.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B32">
    <label>32.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shipunov, Paleomagnetic analysis principles: Theory and practice, 1993.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shipunov, Paleomagnetic analysis principles: Theory and practice, 1993.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B33">
    <label>33.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stratigraphic Code..., Stratigraphic Code, 1992.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stratigraphic Code..., Stratigraphic Code, 1992.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B34">
    <label>34.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Supplement..., Supplement to the Stratigraphic Code of Russia, 2000.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Supplement..., Supplement to the Stratigraphic Code of Russia, 2000.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B35">
    <label>35.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van der Voo, Palaeomagnetism of the Atlantic, Tethys and Iapetus Oceans, 1993.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van der Voo, Palaeomagnetism of the Atlantic, Tethys and Iapetus Oceans, 1993.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
