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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">1681-1208</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">72782</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2205/2024ES000922</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">rnzfkl</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative Influence of Hydrometeorological Processes on the Interannual Variability of Seasonal Fluctuations of the Baltic Sea Level</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Сравнительное влияние гидрометеорологических процессов на межгодовую изменчивость сезонных колебаний уровня Балтийского моря</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6079-5739</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Захарчук</surname>
       <given-names>Евгений Александрович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zakharchuk</surname>
       <given-names>Eugenii Aleksandrovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3744-8204</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Виноградов</surname>
       <given-names>Михаил Владимирович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Vinogradov</surname>
       <given-names>Mihail Vladimirovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>Vinogradovm2000@gmail.com</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4821-4342</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Сухачев</surname>
       <given-names>Владимир Николаевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Sukhachev</surname>
       <given-names>Vladimir Nikolaevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>Syhachev@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат географических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of geographical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4546-4920</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Тихонова</surname>
       <given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Tihonova</surname>
       <given-names>Natal'ya Aleksandrovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Мурманский морской биологический институт Кольского научного центра Российской академии наук</institution>
     <city>Мурманск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
     <city>Murmansk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный океанографический институт имени Н.Н.Зубова, Росгидромет</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">N.N.Zubov’s State Oceanographic Institute, Roshydromet</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный океанографический институт имени Н.Н.Зубова, Росгидромет</institution>
     <city>Санкт-Петербург</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">N.N.Zubov’s State Oceanographic Institute, Roshydromet</institution>
     <city>Saint-Petersburg</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный океанографический институт имени Н.Н.Зубова, Росгидромет</institution>
     <city>Санкт-Петербург</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Zubov State Oceanographic Institute, Roshydromet</institution>
     <city>Saint-Petersburg</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-26T17:38:38+03:00">
    <day>26</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-26T17:38:38+03:00">
    <day>26</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>24</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>1</fpage>
   <lpage>22</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-01-17T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>17</day>
     <month>01</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-07-12T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>12</day>
     <month>07</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/72782/view">https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/72782/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>С помощью продолжительных среднесуточных мареографных наблюдений за уровнем моря, спутниковых альтиметрических измерений и данных реанализов метеорологических и гидрофизических полей исследуются особенности и физические механизмы межгодовой изменчивости сезонных колебаний уровня Балтийского моря. Показано, что за период 1889–2022 гг. в Стокгольме в межгодовых изменениях амплитуд гармоник Sa, Ssa, Sta, Sqa не отмечаются статистически значимые линейные тренды, но наблюдаются долгопериодные циклы с временными масштабами от 20–35 до 55 лет и очень значительными изменениями амплитуд от 0,5–1,0 до 25–27 сантиметров. В последние десятилетия у гармоник Sa, Ssa, Sta наблюдается заметное уменьшение амплитуд и дисперсии колебаний. Результаты взаимного корреляционного и множественного регрессионного анализов аномалий сезонных колебаний уровня моря и различных гидрометеорологических процессов свидетельствуют, что самый большой вклад в межгодовую изменчивость сезонных колебаний уровня моря оказывают изменения касательного трения ветра. Вторыми по значимости процессами являются изменения атмосферного давления над морем и водообмена между Балтийским и Северным морями. Самое незначительное воздействие на межгодовую изменчивость характеристик сезонных колебаний уровня моря оказывают изменения составляющих пресного баланса и плотности воды</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>With the help of long-term average daily tide gauge observations of sea level, satellite altimetry measurements and data from reanalyses of meteorological and hydrophysical fields, the features and physical mechanisms of interannual variability of seasonal fluctuations in the level of the Baltic Sea are investigated. It is shown that for the period 1889-2022 in Stockholm, in interannual changes in the amplitudes of harmonics Sa, Ssa, Sta, Sqa, there are statistically insignificant positive linear trends, against the background of which long-term cycles with time scales approximately from 20–35 to 55 years and very significant changes in amplitudes from 0.5–1.0 to 25–27 centimeters are observed. In recent decades, the harmonics Sa, Ssa, and Sta have seen a noticeable decrease in the amplitudes and dispersion of oscillations. The results of mutual correlation and multiple regression analyses of anomalies of seasonal fluctuations in sea level and various hydrometeorological processes indicate that the largest contribution to the interannual variability of seasonal fluctuations in sea level is made by changes in the tangential friction of the wind. The second most important processes are changes in atmospheric pressure over the sea and water exchange between the Baltic and North Seas. Changes in freshwater balance and density have the smallest impact on interannual variability in seasonal sea-level patterns.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>уровень моря</kwd>
    <kwd>спутниковые альтиметрические измерения</kwd>
    <kwd>данные реанализа</kwd>
    <kwd>сезонные колебания</kwd>
    <kwd>скользящий гармонический анализ</kwd>
    <kwd>межгодовая изменчивость</kwd>
    <kwd>тренды</kwd>
    <kwd>касательное напряжение трения ветра</kwd>
    <kwd>атмосферное давление</kwd>
    <kwd>стерические колебания</kwd>
    <kwd>пресноводный баланс</kwd>
    <kwd>водообмен</kwd>
    <kwd>множественный регрессионный анализ</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>sea level</kwd>
    <kwd>satellite altimeter measurements</kwd>
    <kwd>reanalysis data</kwd>
    <kwd>seasonal fluctuations</kwd>
    <kwd>moving harmonic analysis</kwd>
    <kwd>interannual variability</kwd>
    <kwd>trends</kwd>
    <kwd>wind stress</kwd>
    <kwd>atmospheric pressure</kwd>
    <kwd>steric sea level oscillations</kwd>
    <kwd>fresh balance</kwd>
    <kwd>water exchange</kwd>
    <kwd>multiple regression analysis</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-27-00209, https://rscf.ru/project/22-27-00209/.</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 22-27-00209, https://rscf.ru/project/22-27-00209/.</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
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