Russian Journal of Earth Sciences Russian Journal of Earth Sciences Russian Journal of Earth Sciences 1681-1208 92400 10.2205/2025ES001011 okkqrq ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ ORIGINAL ARTICLES ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ Dynamic, Chemical and Biological Features of the Southern Ocean Fronts in Austral Autumn 2024 Dynamic, Chemical and Biological Features of the Southern Ocean Fronts in Austral Autumn 2024 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8805-0349 Весман Анна Викторовна Vesman Anna Viktorovna anna.vesman@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2985-7570 Швед Яна Валерьевна Shved Yana V. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5944-9134 Смирнова Дарья A. Smirnova Daria A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4101-1422 Федотова Алина A. Fedotova Alina A. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2035-9700 Петрова Алина A. Petrova Alina A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8141-9513 Фрей Дмитрий Ильич Frey D. I. Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт St Petersburg RU Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute St Petersburg RU Институт океанологии имени П. П. Ширшова РАН Россия Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences Russian Federation Институт океанологии имени П. П. Ширшова РАН Россия Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences Russian Federation Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН Россия Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS Russian Federation 09 10 2025 09 10 2025 25 5 ES5012 23 12 2024 10 04 2025 https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/92400/view

This study provides a multidisciplinary analysis of the fronts and frontal zones along a 6,000 km transect in the Southern Ocean. Observations were carried out aboard the research vessel “Akademik Tryoshnikov” from April 2 to 13, 2024 on the way from Cape Town to Mirny wintering station and cover the waters of the Atlantic and Indian sectors of the Southern Ocean. Using satellite altimetry and shipboard data, we mapped the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and its multi-branch structure, including the Subantarctic Front (SAF), Polar Front (PF), and Southern ACC Front (SACCF). Observations revealed dynamic interactions within the ACC, with the convergence of the PF branches producing strong southeastward flows, reaching 53 cm/s at the surface levels and decreasing to 26 cm/s at a depth of 550 m. Alongside physical measurements, nutrient and phytoplankton distributions were analyzed, highlighting sharp gradients in silica, phosphorus, and chlorophyll-a concentrations across fronts. In nutrient-rich zones such as the Polar Front and south of the ACC, diverse and abundant phytoplankton communities were observed, particularly diatoms such as Fragilariopsis kerguelensis and Rhizosolenia simplex. These findings show how combined use of biochemical and hydrodynamic data can contribute to better understanding of the complex structure of the ACC and surrounding waters.

This study provides a multidisciplinary analysis of the fronts and frontal zones along a 6,000 km transect in the Southern Ocean. Observations were carried out aboard the research vessel “Akademik Tryoshnikov” from April 2 to 13, 2024 on the way from Cape Town to Mirny wintering station and cover the waters of the Atlantic and Indian sectors of the Southern Ocean. Using satellite altimetry and shipboard data, we mapped the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and its multi-branch structure, including the Subantarctic Front (SAF), Polar Front (PF), and Southern ACC Front (SACCF). Observations revealed dynamic interactions within the ACC, with the convergence of the PF branches producing strong southeastward flows, reaching 53 cm/s at the surface levels and decreasing to 26 cm/s at a depth of 550 m. Alongside physical measurements, nutrient and phytoplankton distributions were analyzed, highlighting sharp gradients in silica, phosphorus, and chlorophyll-a concentrations across fronts. In nutrient-rich zones such as the Polar Front and south of the ACC, diverse and abundant phytoplankton communities were observed, particularly diatoms such as Fragilariopsis kerguelensis and Rhizosolenia simplex. These findings show how combined use of biochemical and hydrodynamic data can contribute to better understanding of the complex structure of the ACC and surrounding waters.

 Southern Ocean front frontal zone ACC SADCP altimetry data nutrients chlorophyll-a Southern Ocean front frontal zone ACC SADCP altimetry data nutrients chlorophyll-a . Authors are sincerely grateful to the Russian Antarctic expedition (RAE) for the opportunity to carry out research and the crew of the R/V “Akademik Tryoshnikov” and expedition members of the 69th RAE for their help. The authors are grateful to R. Yu. Tarakanov for valuable comments to the article. The study was carried out within state task no. FMWE-2024-0016 (analysis of satellite altimetry data) and the Russian Science Foundation, grant 22-77-10004 (analysis of SADCP measurements). Collection of hydrochemical and hydrobiological data was carried out in framework of project 5.2 “Oceanological, climatological, glaciological and geophysical research in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean” funded by Roshydromet of the Russian Federation. . Authors are sincerely grateful to the Russian Antarctic expedition (RAE) for the opportunity to carry out research and the crew of the R/V “Akademik Tryoshnikov” and expedition members of the 69th RAE for their help. The authors are grateful to R. Yu. Tarakanov for valuable comments to the article. The study was carried out within state task no. FMWE-2024-0016 (analysis of satellite altimetry data) and the Russian Science Foundation, grant 22-77-10004 (analysis of SADCP measurements). Collection of hydrochemical and hydrobiological data was carried out in framework of project 5.2 “Oceanological, climatological, glaciological and geophysical research in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean” funded by Roshydromet of the Russian Federation.

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