<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Russian Journal of Earth Sciences</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">1681-1208</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">94251</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2205/2025ES001006</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">dnfnsj</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Simulation of Infrasound Spectrum Generated by Sea Surface Waves</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Simulation of Infrasound Spectrum Generated by Sea Surface Waves</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9942-2796</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Запевалов</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Сергеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zapevalov</surname>
       <given-names>Aleksander Sergeevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>sevzepter@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Морской гидрофизический институт РАН</institution>
     <city>Севастополь</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
     <city>Sevastopol</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-29T11:27:19+03:00">
    <day>29</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-29T11:27:19+03:00">
    <day>29</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>25</volume>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <elocation-id>ES5009</elocation-id>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-03T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>03</day>
     <month>02</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-17T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>17</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/94251/view">https://rjes.ru/en/nauka/article/94251/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Sea surface waves create pressure waves of the infrasound range that do not fade with depth, which have a noticeable effect on the processes occurring in the earth's crust. The connection between the energy of surface waves and microseisms makes it possible to solve the inverse problem and reconstruct wave characteristics based on seismic measurement data. These studies require information on the physical factors that cause ambiguity in the relationship between wave spectra and the spectra of infrasound generated by them. In this paper, the change in the shape of the infrasound spectrum is analyzed within the framework of numerical simulation. Well-known surface sea wave spectral models are used for analysis. It is shown that the main factors influencing the shape and peak value of the infrasound spectrum are the difference in the frequencies of the spectral peaks of swell ωw1 and wind waves ωw2, as well as the change in the angle between the directions of their propagation. For the same spectrum of surface waves, when ωw1 ≈ ωw2, the maximum value of the infrasound spectrum peak occurs at the opposite direction of wave propagation, it decreases by more than 5 times when the directions are mutually orthogonal, it decreases by two orders of magnitude, when the directions coincide. With an increase in the difference between ωw1 and ωw2, the frequency range where the generation of infrasound is determined by the interaction of swell and wind waves narrows.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Sea surface waves create pressure waves of the infrasound range that do not fade with depth, which have a noticeable effect on the processes occurring in the earth's crust. The connection between the energy of surface waves and microseisms makes it possible to solve the inverse problem and reconstruct wave characteristics based on seismic measurement data. These studies require information on the physical factors that cause ambiguity in the relationship between wave spectra and the spectra of infrasound generated by them. In this paper, the change in the shape of the infrasound spectrum is analyzed within the framework of numerical simulation. Well-known surface sea wave spectral models are used for analysis. It is shown that the main factors influencing the shape and peak value of the infrasound spectrum are the difference in the frequencies of the spectral peaks of swell ωw1 and wind waves ωw2, as well as the change in the angle between the directions of their propagation. For the same spectrum of surface waves, when ωw1 ≈ ωw2, the maximum value of the infrasound spectrum peak occurs at the opposite direction of wave propagation, it decreases by more than 5 times when the directions are mutually orthogonal, it decreases by two orders of magnitude, when the directions coincide. With an increase in the difference between ωw1 and ωw2, the frequency range where the generation of infrasound is determined by the interaction of swell and wind waves narrows.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>sea surface</kwd>
    <kwd>waves</kwd>
    <kwd>generation of infrasound</kwd>
    <kwd>infrasound spectrum</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>sea surface</kwd>
    <kwd>waves</kwd>
    <kwd>generation of infrasound</kwd>
    <kwd>infrasound spectrum</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">The work was completed within the framework of the state assignment on the topic FNNN-2024-0012 “Analysis, diagnosis and real-time forecast of the state of hydrophysical and hydrochemical fields of marine water areas based on mathematical modeling using data from remote and in situ methods of measurements”.</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was completed within the framework of the state assignment on the topic FNNN-2024-0012 “Analysis, diagnosis and real-time forecast of the state of hydrophysical and hydrochemical fields of marine water areas based on mathematical modeling using data from remote and in situ methods of measurements”.</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ardhuin F., Balanche A., Stutzmann E., et al. From seismic noise to ocean wave parameters: General methods and validation // Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. — 2012. — Vol. 117, no. C5. — https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jc007449.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ardhuin F., Balanche A., Stutzmann E., et al. From seismic noise to ocean wave parameters: General methods and validation // Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. — 2012. — Vol. 117, no. C5. — https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jc007449.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ardhuin F., Stutzmann E., Schimmel M., et al. Ocean wave sources of seismic noise // Journal of Geophysical Research. — 2011. — Vol. 116, no. C9. — https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jc006952.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ardhuin F., Stutzmann E., Schimmel M., et al. Ocean wave sources of seismic noise // Journal of Geophysical Research. — 2011. — Vol. 116, no. C9. — https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jc006952.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Babanin A. V. and Soloviev Yu. P. Variability of directional spectra of wind-generated waves, studied by means of wave staff arrays // Marine and Freshwater Research. — 1998. — Vol. 49, no. 2. — P. 89–101. — https://doi.org/10.1071/mf96126.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babanin A. V. and Soloviev Yu. P. Variability of directional spectra of wind-generated waves, studied by means of wave staff arrays // Marine and Freshwater Research. — 1998. — Vol. 49, no. 2. — P. 89–101. — https://doi.org/10.1071/mf96126.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brekhovskikh L. M. On the generation of sound waves in a liquid by surface wave // Akusticheskij Zhurnal. — 1966a. — Vol. XII, no. 3. — P. 376–379.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brekhovskikh L. M. On the generation of sound waves in a liquid by surface wave // Akusticheskij Zhurnal. — 1966a. — Vol. XII, no. 3. — P. 376–379.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brekhovskikh L. M. Sound waves under water caused by surface waves in the ocean // Izvestiya AN SSSR. Fizika atmosfery i okeana. — 1966b. — Vol. 2, no. 9. — P. 970–980. — (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brekhovskikh L. M. Sound waves under water caused by surface waves in the ocean // Izvestiya AN SSSR. Fizika atmosfery i okeana. — 1966b. — Vol. 2, no. 9. — P. 970–980. — (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bromirski P. D., Flick R. E. and Graham N. E. Ocean wave height determined from inland seismometer data: Implications for investigating wave climate changes in the NE Pacific // Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. — 1999. — Vol. 104, no. C9. — P. 20753–20766. — https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jc900156.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bromirski P. D., Flick R. E. and Graham N. E. Ocean wave height determined from inland seismometer data: Implications for investigating wave climate changes in the NE Pacific // Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. — 1999. — Vol. 104, no. C9. — P. 20753–20766. — https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jc900156.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chupin V. A. and Gusev E. S. Infrasound oscillations caused by extratropical cyclones in the sea of Japane // Hydrosphere. Hazard processes and phenomena. — 2022. — Vol. 3, no. 4. — P. 346–354. — https://doi.org/10.34753/HS.2021.3.4.346. — (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chupin V. A. and Gusev E. S. Infrasound oscillations caused by extratropical cyclones in the sea of Japane // Hydrosphere. Hazard processes and phenomena. — 2022. — Vol. 3, no. 4. — P. 346–354. — https://doi.org/10.34753/HS.2021.3.4.346. — (In Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cutroneo L., Ferretti G., Barani S., et al. Near Real-Time Monitoring of Significant Sea Wave Height through Microseism Recordings: Analysis of an Exceptional Sea Storm Event // Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. — 2021. — Vol. 9, no. 3. — P. 319. — https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030319.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cutroneo L., Ferretti G., Barani S., et al. Near Real-Time Monitoring of Significant Sea Wave Height through Microseism Recordings: Analysis of an Exceptional Sea Storm Event // Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. — 2021. — Vol. 9, no. 3. — P. 319. — https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030319.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davy C., Barruol G., Fontaine F. R., et al. Tracking major storms from microseismic and hydroacoustic observations on the seafloor // Geophysical Research Letters. — 2014. — Vol. 41, no. 24. — P. 8825–8831. — https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl062319.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davy C., Barruol G., Fontaine F. R., et al. Tracking major storms from microseismic and hydroacoustic observations on the seafloor // Geophysical Research Letters. — 2014. — Vol. 41, no. 24. — P. 8825–8831. — https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl062319.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dolgikh G. I. and Mukomel D. V. Dependence of microseism variation periods upon the cyclone propagation velocity and direction // Doklady Earth Sciences. — 2004. — Vol. 394, no. 1. — P. 141–144.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolgikh G. I. and Mukomel D. V. Dependence of microseism variation periods upon the cyclone propagation velocity and direction // Doklady Earth Sciences. — 2004. — Vol. 394, no. 1. — P. 141–144.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Donelan M. A., Hamilton J. and Hui W. H. Directional spectra of wind-generated waves // Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. — 1985. — Vol. 315, no. 1534. — P. 509–562. — https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1985.0054.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Donelan M. A., Hamilton J. and Hui W. H. Directional spectra of wind-generated waves // Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. — 1985. — Vol. 315, no. 1534. — P. 509–562. — https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1985.0054.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Donne S., Nicolau M., Bean C., et al. Wave height quantification using land based seismic data with grammatical evolution // 2014 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). — IEEE, 2014. — P. 2909–2916. — https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2014.6900563.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Donne S., Nicolau M., Bean C., et al. Wave height quantification using land based seismic data with grammatical evolution // 2014 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). — IEEE, 2014. — P. 2909–2916. — https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2014.6900563.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farrell W. E. and Munk W. Surface gravity waves and their acoustic signatures, 1-30 Hz, on the mid-Pacific sea floor // The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. — 2013. — Vol. 134, no. 4. — P. 3134–3143. — https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4818780.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farrell W. E. and Munk W. Surface gravity waves and their acoustic signatures, 1-30 Hz, on the mid-Pacific sea floor // The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. — 2013. — Vol. 134, no. 4. — P. 3134–3143. — https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4818780.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hasselmann D. E., Dunckel M. and Ewing J. A. Directional Wave Spectra Observed during JONSWAP 1973 // Journal of Physical Oceanography. — 1980. — Vol. 10, no. 8. — P. 1264–1280. — https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1980)010&lt;1264:dwsodj&gt;2.0.co;2.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasselmann D. E., Dunckel M. and Ewing J. A. Directional Wave Spectra Observed during JONSWAP 1973 // Journal of Physical Oceanography. — 1980. — Vol. 10, no. 8. — P. 1264–1280. — https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1980)010&lt;1264:dwsodj&gt;2.0.co;2.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hasselmann K. A statistical analysis of the generation of microseisms // Reviews of Geophysics. — 1963. — Vol. 1, no. 2. — P. 177–210. — https://doi.org/10.1029/RG001i002p00177.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasselmann K. A statistical analysis of the generation of microseisms // Reviews of Geophysics. — 1963. — Vol. 1, no. 2. — P. 177–210. — https://doi.org/10.1029/RG001i002p00177.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lucas C. and Soares G. Guedes. On the modelling of swell spectra // Ocean Engineering. — 2015. — Vol. 108. — P. 749–759. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.08.017.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lucas C. and Soares G. Guedes. On the modelling of swell spectra // Ocean Engineering. — 2015. — Vol. 108. — P. 749–759. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.08.017.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitsuyasu H., Tasai F., Suhara T., et al. Observations of the Directional Spectrum of Ocean Waves Using a Cloverleaf Buoy // Journal of Physical Oceanography. — 1975. — Vol. 5, no. 4. — P. 750–760. — https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1975)005&lt;0750:ootsdo&gt;2.0.co;2.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitsuyasu H., Tasai F., Suhara T., et al. Observations of the Directional Spectrum of Ocean Waves Using a Cloverleaf Buoy // Journal of Physical Oceanography. — 1975. — Vol. 5, no. 4. — P. 750–760. — https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1975)005&lt;0750:ootsdo&gt;2.0.co;2.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naugolnikh K. A. and Rybak S. A. Sound generation due to the interaction of surface waves // Acoustical Physics. — 2003. — Vol. 49, no. 1. — P. 88–90. — https://doi.org/10.1134/1.1537393.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naugolnikh K. A. and Rybak S. A. Sound generation due to the interaction of surface waves // Acoustical Physics. — 2003. — Vol. 49, no. 1. — P. 88–90. — https://doi.org/10.1134/1.1537393.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rindraharisaona E. J., Cordier E., Barruol G., et al. Assessing swells in La Réunion Island from terrestrial seismic observations, oceanographic records and offshore wave models // Geophysical Journal International. — 2020. — Vol. 221, no. 3. — P. 1883–1895. — https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa117.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rindraharisaona E. J., Cordier E., Barruol G., et al. Assessing swells in La Réunion Island from terrestrial seismic observations, oceanographic records and offshore wave models // Geophysical Journal International. — 2020. — Vol. 221, no. 3. — P. 1883–1895. — https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa117.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tabulevich V. N., Ponomarev E. A., Sorokin A. G., et al. Standing sea waves, microseisms, and infrasound // Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics. — 2001. — Vol. 37, no. 2. — P. 218–226.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tabulevich V. N., Ponomarev E. A., Sorokin A. G., et al. Standing sea waves, microseisms, and infrasound // Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics. — 2001. — Vol. 37, no. 2. — P. 218–226.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilson J. D. Modeling Microseism Generation by Inhomogeneous Ocean Surface Waves in Hurricane Bonnie Using the Non-Linear Wave Equation // Remote Sensing. — 2018. — Vol. 10, no. 10. — P. 1624. — https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10101624.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilson J. D. Modeling Microseism Generation by Inhomogeneous Ocean Surface Waves in Hurricane Bonnie Using the Non-Linear Wave Equation // Remote Sensing. — 2018. — Vol. 10, no. 10. — P. 1624. — https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10101624.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zapevalov A. S. The effect of anisotropy of a rough sea surface on the generation of acoustic radiation // Acoustical Physics. — 2007. — Vol. 53, no. 1. — P. 75–79. — https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063771007010095.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zapevalov A. S. The effect of anisotropy of a rough sea surface on the generation of acoustic radiation // Acoustical Physics. — 2007. — Vol. 53, no. 1. — P. 75–79. — https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063771007010095.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zapevalov A. S. Impact of the sea waves’ skewness and group structure on the infrasound generation by the sea surface // Physical Oceanography. — 2023. — Vol. 30, no. 2. — P. 160–170. — https://doi.org/10.29039/1573-160X-2023-2-160-170.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zapevalov A. S. Impact of the sea waves’ skewness and group structure on the infrasound generation by the sea surface // Physical Oceanography. — 2023. — Vol. 30, no. 2. — P. 160–170. — https://doi.org/10.29039/1573-160X-2023-2-160-170.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zapevalov A. S. and Pokazeev K. V. Modeling the spectrum of infrasonic hydroacoustic radiation generated by the sea surface under storm conditions // Acoustical Physics. — 2016. — Vol. 62, no. 5. — P. 554–558. — https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063771016050195.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zapevalov A. S. and Pokazeev K. V. Modeling the spectrum of infrasonic hydroacoustic radiation generated by the sea surface under storm conditions // Acoustical Physics. — 2016. — Vol. 62, no. 5. — P. 554–558. — https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063771016050195.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
