MODERN STATE AND PERSPECTIVES OF APPLYING GROUND FRESH WATER FOR WATER SUPPLY OF POPULATION
Рубрики: ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ
Авторы:
1.
Institute of Water Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia,
Тип:
Статья
Страницы:
с 1
по 4
Статус:
Опубликован
Получено:
25.06.2008
Одобрено:
25.06.2008
Опубликовано:
25.06.2008
Язык материала:
английский
Ключевые слова:
Water supply, natural resources, operation resources, estimates and mapping, pumping of ground waters.
Аннотация (русский):
A tendency to a greater use of ground waters for water supply is currently observed. This is explained by the well known fact that ground waters as a water source have a number of advantages compared to the surface waters. Natural resources are indicators of renewal of ground waters reflecting their main peculiarity as a renewed resource. The long-term value of ground water source minus evaporation is equal to the underground sink, therefore in the regional estimates, natural resources of ground waters are frequently expressed by the annual mean or minimal absolute values of underground sink in liters per second from 1nbsp;km2nbsp;. The main methods of regional estimates of natural resources, their advantages and restrictions method of genetic division of rivers hydrographs over a long-term period, estimates of the variations in the low runoff between hydrometric lines, hydrodynamic method of calculation of flow discharge including modeling, method of water balance of source regions or reload of ground waters, estimate of infiltration source of ground waters based on the regime of their levels are described in this presentation. The choice of the specific method for calculating water resources depends on the objectives, goals, and scale of investigation and on the hydrological, hydrogeological, and anthropogenic conditions of the estimated territory.
A tendency to a greater use of ground waters for water supply is currently observed. This is explained by the well known fact that ground waters as a water source have a number of advantages compared to the surface waters. Natural resources are indicators of renewal of ground waters reflecting their main peculiarity as a renewed resource. The long-term value of ground water source minus evaporation is equal to the underground sink, therefore in the regional estimates, natural resources of ground waters are frequently expressed by the annual mean or minimal absolute values of underground sink in liters per second from 1nbsp;km2nbsp;. The main methods of regional estimates of natural resources, their advantages and restrictions method of genetic division of rivers hydrographs over a long-term period, estimates of the variations in the low runoff between hydrometric lines, hydrodynamic method of calculation of flow discharge including modeling, method of water balance of source regions or reload of ground waters, estimate of infiltration source of ground waters based on the regime of their levels are described in this presentation. The choice of the specific method for calculating water resources depends on the objectives, goals, and scale of investigation and on the hydrological, hydrogeological, and anthropogenic conditions of the estimated territory.
Ключевые слова:
Water supply, natural resources, operation resources, estimates and mapping, pumping of ground waters.
Water supply, natural resources, operation resources, estimates and mapping, pumping of ground waters.
1. Yazvin, Water Resources, v. 23, no. 1, 1996.
2. Vsevolozhsky, Ground sink and water balance of platform, 1983.
3. Zektser, Ground waters as a component of the environment, 2001.
4. Dzhamalov, Ground sink of Tersk-Kuma artesian basin, 1973.
5. Fidelli, Scientific basis of research and protection of ground waters, Pt. 1, 1980.
