Mineralogy, geochemistry and geological occurrence of supergene manganese ore mineralization in North West Province, South Africa

Pharoe Benedick Kinshasa; Evdokimov A N; Gembitskaya I M; Baiyegunhi Christopher; Nxantsiya Zusakhe

doi:10.2205/2020ES000703

MINERALOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY AND GEOLOGICAL OCCURRENCE OF SUPERGENE MANGANESE ORE MINERALIZATION IN NORTH WEST PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA Mineralogy, geochemistry and geological occurrence of supergene manganese ore mineralization in North West Province, South Africa

АА Аа

Опубликовано в Russian Journal of Earth Sciences · Том 20, Номер 5 · Рубрика: ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2205/2020ES000703

Получено: 29.10.2021 Одобрено: 26.07.2023 Язык публикаций: ENG

Авторы

Pharoe Benedick Kinshasa

Evdokimov A N

Gembitskaya I M

Baiyegunhi Christopher

и др.

Nxantsiya Zusakhe

Pharoe Benedick Kinshasa

Saint Petersburg Mining University

Evdokimov A N

Saint Petersburg Mining University

Gembitskaya I M

Saint Petersburg Mining University

Baiyegunhi Christopher

Department of Physics and Geology, University of Limpopo

Nxantsiya Zusakhe

Council for Geosciences

АННОТАЦИЯ

The Northwest manganese mineralization comprises of supergene ores developed in a weathering crust of the Neoarchean manganiferous dolostones of the Transvaal Supergroup. These are near-surface accumulation of manganese wad and nodules. The manganese wad is preserved in a typical karstic structures on top of the weathered manganiferous dolostones within the Waterval Saprolite. The saprolite is in turn overlain with a sharp erosional contact by West-wits alluvium hosting manganese nodules. Ore formation is attributed to in-situ surficial weathering, partial dissolution and leaching of ore substances from the manganiferous dolostones. These combined processes led to the release of Mn and Fe rich colloidal particles into the overlying water column of the depository, which later precipitated as manganese nodules upon interaction with alluvial sediments which acted as substrates and centers of accretion. This study presents results on the mineralogy, geochemical constituents and geological occurrence of the ore mineralization. Mineralogical studies indicated the occurrence of romanechite, cryptomelane and galaxite as predominant manganese oxide phases, and pyrolusite and vernadite occurring in minute quantities. Geochemical and mineralogical data anomalies obtained in this study were used to develop a genetic classification of the ore deposit. On the basis of trace element geochemistry applied in this study coupled with studies of mineralogical and diagenetic features of the samples, different manganese classification schemes were adopted and inferences were made from the data interpretation which indicated supergene and hydrogenetic nature of the ore mineralization suggesting precipitation of ore substances from the weathered Mn colloids in a supergene zone.

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА

Supergene manganese ores, mineralogy, geochemistry, ore occurrence, romanechite, General Mine, weathering crust

Финансирование

The first author would like to thank the South African Ministry of Education for the provision of research funding which covered the field work and some of the laboratory tests which were carried out for the research. The Ministry of Education in the Russian Federation is acknowledged for funding the registration and stay in the Saint Petersburg Mining University.

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, , , , Mineralogy, geochemistry and geological occurrence of supergene manganese ore mineralization in North West Province, South Africa // Russian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2020. № 5. С. -. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2205/2020ES000703. (дата обращения: 20.10.2026).

MLA

Pharoe Benedick Kinshasa, , , , . "Mineralogy, geochemistry and geological occurrence of supergene manganese ore mineralization in North West Province, South Africa." Russian Journal of Earth Sciences 20.5 (2020): -. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2205/2020ES000703.

APA

, , , , (2020). Mineralogy, geochemistry and geological occurrence of supergene manganese ore mineralization in North West Province, South Africa. Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 20(5), -. https://doi.org/10.2205/2020ES000703

Chicago

Pharoe Benedick Kinshasa, , , , . "Mineralogy, geochemistry and geological occurrence of supergene manganese ore mineralization in North West Province, South Africa." Russian Journal of Earth Sciences 20, no. 5 (2020): -. https://doi.org/10.2205/2020ES000703.

WIKI

{{cite journal | author = , , , , | title = Mineralogy, geochemistry and geological occurrence of supergene manganese ore mineralization in North West Province, South Africa | journal = Russian Journal of Earth Sciences | year = 2020 | volume = 20 | issue = 5 | pages = - | doi = 10.2205/2020ES000703 }}

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MINERALOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY AND GEOLOGICAL OCCURRENCE OF SUPERGENE MANGANESE ORE MINERALIZATION IN NORTH WEST PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA Mineralogy, geochemistry and geological occurrence of supergene manganese ore mineralization in North West Province, South Africa

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