Russian Federation
The article discusses the features of large-scale spatial and temporal variability of moistening(potential evapotranspiration, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration coefficient) in theEuropean Russia (ER) for 1966-2017. Much attention is paid to abnormal moisteningconditions (droughts and excessive moistening) resulting in significant ecological and economicaldamage. The All-Russia Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information archive hasserved as a source of initial information. The most physically based modified method ofM. I. Budyko has been used to estimate the potential evapotranspiration. A series of originalmaps of components of moistening has been constructed, a number of maps for the ER beingconstructed for the first time. The presence of positive trends in the annual values of potentialevapotranspiration and precipitation has been established, the distribution of which beingpatchy. The highest trends have been noted in the southern European Russia, the distributionof positive trends in potential evapotranspiration being patchy as well, with minimumestimates of 3.7 mm per year in the Syktyvkar area. Due to the similar trend character inpotential evapotranspiration and precipitation there takes place the smoothening in potentialevapotranspiration coefficients resulting in their trends being statistically insignificant overmost of the ER. The interannual variation of components of moistening is characterized by thepresence of powerful anomalies in the form of extreme droughts and excessive moistening. Theirformation is due to the complete coincidence of significant positive potential evapotranspirationanomalies and negative precipitation anomalies in most of the ER, and vice versa. Unevennesshas been revealed in the spatial distribution of severe droughts and excessive moistening of theterritory: the most powerful droughts are concentrated mainly in the forest-steppe zone (withmaximum in the Krasnoslobodsk and Elatma regions). Excessive moistening is predominantlypatchy in nature, being practically absent in the northern regions of the ER. A decrease inpotential evapotranspiration has appeared to be the predominant factor in the formation ofexcessive moistening, a decrease in precipitation being the one in the formation of droughts.
Potential evapotranspiration, precipitation, moistening, European Russia, drought, trend
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