employee from 16.09.2018 until now
Apatity, Russian Federation
employee from 01.01.2018 until now
Nothern Energetics Research Centre KSC RAS (Computer Programmer)
employee from 01.01.2022 until now
Apatity, Murmansk, Russian Federation
employee from 01.01.2003 until now
Nothern Energetics Research Centre KSC RAS (Research Associate)
employee
Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Apatity, Murmansk, Russian Federation
employee
Apatity, Murmansk, Russian Federation
GRNTI 37.15 Геомагнетизм и высокие слои атмосферы
GRNTI 37.25 Океанология
GRNTI 37.31 Физика Земли
GRNTI 38.01 Общие вопросы геологии
BISAC SCI019000 Earth Sciences / General
The main problem of electric utilities around the world is to ensure continuous power supply to consumers. One of the causes of power outages and blackouts can be geomagnetic storms during periods of the increased solar activity. They arouse geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) flowing in the long-distance high-voltage power grids on Earth’s surface. The history of this phenomenon investigation shows that GICs during strong geomagnetic storms had led to blackouts in certain regions of Canada, Sweden and the USA. To study these phenomena and assess the risks of such accidents for the regional system, a GICs registration system in 330 kV autotransformers neutrals of the Kola-Karelian power transit was developed in northwestern Russia. During 11 years of monitoring numerous cases of the flow of high values of quasi-dc currents with different time durations, induced by variations of the geomagnetic field, have been registered. In order to analyze the currents a wavelet transform was chosen, since this method allows to define not only the frequency composition but also changes in spectral characteristics over time, which is significant in the study of GIC. The paper presents a discussion of GIC scalograms obtained for four events of Solar Cycle 24: 13-14 November 2012, 17-18 March 2015, 7-8 September 2015 and 7-8 September 2017. The analysis showed that the characteristic duration of the peak of the considered GICs is from 4.6 to 11.1 min.
geomagnetically induced currents, geomagnetic storm, autotransformer, continuous wavelet transform
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2. Aksenovich, T. V. (2020). Comparison of the Use of Wavelet Transform and Short-Time Fourier Transform for the Study of Geomagnetically Induced Current in the Autotransformer Neutral. In 2020 International Multi-Conference on Industrial Engineering and Modern Technologies (FarEastCon) (pp. 1-5). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/FarEastCon50210.2020.9271210
3. Albert, D., Schachinger, P., Bailey, R. L., Renner, H., & Achleitner, G. (2022). Analysis of Long-Term GIC Measurements in Transformers in Austria. Space Weather, 20(1), e2021SW002912. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002912
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5. Belakhovsky, V., Pilipenko, V., Engebretson, M., Sakharov, Y., & Selivanov, V. (2019). Impulsive disturbances of the geomagnetic field as a cause of induced currents of electric power lines. Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, 9, A18. https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2019015
6. Boteler, D. H. (2001). Assessment of Geomagnetic Hazard to Power Systems in Canada. Natural Hazards 2001 23:2, 23(2), 101-120. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011194414259
7. Choi, K.-C., Park, M.-Y., Ryu, Y., Hong, Y., Yi, J.-H., Park, S.-W., & Kim, J.-H. (2015). Installation of Induced Current Measurement Systems in Substations and Analysis of GIC Data during Geomagnetic Storms. Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences, 32(4), 427-434. https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2015.32.4.427
8. Dimmock, A. P., Rosenqvist, L., Hall, J. O., Viljanen, A., Yordanova, E., Honkonen, I., et al. (2019). The GIC and Geomagnetic Response Over Fennoscandia to the 7-8 September 2017 Geomagnetic Storm. Space Weather, 17(7), 989-1010. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018SW002132
9. Erinmez, I. A., Kappenman, J. G., & Radasky, W. A. (2002). Management of the geomagnetically induced current risks on the national grid company’s electric power transmission system. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 64(5-6), 743-756. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00036-6
10. Falayi, E. O., Ogunmodimu, O., Bolaji, O. S., Ayanda, J. D., & Ojoniyi, O. S. (2017). Investigation of geomagnetic induced current at high latitude during the storm-time variation. NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 6(1), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrjag.2017.04.010
11. Guillon, S., Toner, P., Gibson, L., & Boteler, D. (2016). A Colorful Blackout: The Havoc Caused by Auroral Electrojet Generated Magnetic Field Variations in 1989. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 14(6), 59-71. https://doi.org/10.1109/MPE.2016.2591760
12. Kappenman, J. G. (2018). Geomagnetic Disturbances and Impacts upon Power System Operation. In Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution: The Electric Power Engineering Handbook (pp. 1-22). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315222424-17
13. Lee, G. R., Gommers, R., Waselewski, F., Wohlfahrt, K., & O’Leary, A. (2019). PyWavelets: A Python package for wavelet analysis. Journal of Open Source Software, 4(36), 1237. https://doi.org/10.21105/JOSS.01237
14. Liu, C. M., Liu, L. G., & Pirjola, R. (2009). Geomagnetically induced currents in the high-voltage power grid in China. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 24(4), 2368-2374. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2009.2028490
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16. Mac Manus, D. H., Rodger, C. J., Dalzell, M., Thomson, A. W. P., Clilverd, M. A., Petersen, T., et al. (2017). Long-term geomagnetically induced current observations in New Zealand: Earth return corrections and geomagnetic field driver. Space Weather, 15(8), 1020-1038. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017SW001635
17. Molinski, T. S. (2002). Why utilities respect geomagnetically induced currents. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 64(16), 1765-1778. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00126-8
18. Oliveira, D. M., & Ngwira, C. M. (2017). Geomagnetically Induced Currents: Principles. Braz J Phys, 47, 552-560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13538-017-0523-y
19. Pulkkinen, A., Lindahl, S., Viljanen, A., & Pirjola, R. (2005). Geomagnetic storm of 29-31 October 2003: Geomagnetically induced currents and their relation to problems in the Swedish high-voltage power transmission system. Space Weather, 3(8), S08C03. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004SW000123
20. Pulkkinen, A., Pirjola, R., & Viljanen, A. (2008). Statistics of extreme geomagnetically induced current events. Space Weather, 6(7), S07001. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008SW000388
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22. Trichtchenko, L. (2021). Frequency Considerations in GIC Applications. Space Weather, 19(8), e2020SW002694. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002694
23. Viljanen, A. (2011). European Project to Improve Models of Geomagnetically Induced Currents. Space Weather, 9(7), S07007. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011SW000680
24. Watari, S. (2017). Geomagnetic storms of cycle 24 and their solar sources Global Data Systems for the Study of Solar-Terrestrial Variability 3. Space science. Earth, Planets and Space, 69(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-017-0653-z
25. Watari, S., Nakamura, S., & Ebihara, Y. (2021). Measurement of geomagnetically induced current (GIC) around Tokyo, Japan. Earth, Planets and Space, 73(1), 102. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-021-01422-3
26. Wik, M., Viljanen, A., Pirjola, R., Pulkkinen, A., Wintoft, P., & Lundstedt, H. (2008). Calculation of geomagnetically induced currents in the 400 kV power grid in southern Sweden. Space Weather, 6(7). https://doi.org/10.1029/2007SW000343
27. Wu, C. C., Liou, K., Lepping, R. P., Hutting, L., Plunkett, S., Howard, R. A., & Socker, D. (2016). The first super geomagnetic storm of solar cycle 24: “the St. Patrick’s day event (17 March 2015).” Earth, Planets and Space, 68(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-016-0525-y
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29. Yagova, N. V., Pilipenko, V. A., Sakharov, Y. A., & Selivanov, V. N. (2021). Spatial scale of geomagnetic Pc5/Pi3 pulsations as a factor of their efficiency in generation of geomagnetically induced currents. Earth, Planets and Space, 73(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-021-01407-2
