Our website uses cookies. By continuing to use this site, you agree to our use of cookies in accordance with this notice and the Terms of Use.
Rules for authors Editorial board
Policies
Copyright Policy Open access policy Publishing Ethics Peer review process
Archive ISSN 1681-1208 (Online)
Submit manuscript
Russian Journal of Earth Sciences
Journals / Russian Journal of Earth Sciences / Volume 25 Issue 6 / Reservoir Characterization and Rock Typing Assessment Utilizing Hydraulic Flow Unit (HFU) and Global Hydraulic Elements (GHE) of Sanga-Sanga Early-Middle Miocene Sandstone, Kutai Basin, Indonesia
VAK Russia 1.6 UDC 55 CSCSTI 38.53 Russian Classification of Professions by Education 05.00.00 Russian Library and Bibliographic Classification 26 Russian Trade and Bibliographic Classification 63 BISAC SCI UDC 550.34 UDC 550.383 CSCSTI 37.01 CSCSTI 37.15 CSCSTI 37.25 CSCSTI 37.31 CSCSTI 38.01 CSCSTI 36.00 CSCSTI 37.00 CSCSTI 38.00 CSCSTI 39.00 CSCSTI 52.00

RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION AND ROCK TYPING ASSESSMENT UTILIZING HYDRAULIC FLOW UNIT (HFU) AND GLOBAL HYDRAULIC ELEMENTS (GHE) OF SANGA-SANGA EARLY-MIDDLE MIOCENE SANDSTONE, KUTAI BASIN, INDONESIA Reservoir Characterization and Rock Typing Assessment Utilizing Hydraulic Flow Unit (HFU) and Global Hydraulic Elements (GHE) of Sanga-Sanga Early-Middle Miocene Sandstone, Kutai Basin, Indonesia

Published in Russian Journal of Earth Sciences · Volume 25, Issue 6 · ELocator: ES6021 · Rubric: ORIGINAL ARTICLES
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2205/2025es001007 · EDN: TNNWYG
Received: 23.01.2025 Accepted: 23.06.2025 Published: 30.12.2025 Language of publication: ENG
Authors
KO
Komara Eki
ORCID
AR
Ariyanti Nita
ORCID
LE
Lestari Wien
ORCID
AR
Arif S. Aji
et al.
AH
Ahmed S. Numair
ORCID
NA Navisa Siti
Navisa Siti
ORCID
ABSTRACT
The heterogeneity characteristics of sandstone reservoirs lead to variations in composition, thickness, and porosity, making them more complex and uneven. This complexity presents a significant challenge in the development of sandstone reservoirs, which is further compounded by contamination factors. To characterize reservoirs comprehensively, the Hydraulic Flow Unit (HFU) method is commonly used. This method can describe reservoir characteristics and determine rock typing distribution based on HFU calculations. In this study, the HFU method is combined with petrophysical parameters and the calculation of oil reserves in the reservoir with the code “MZG.” The HFU calculations revealed four rock types, namely RT-1, RT-2, RT-3, and RT-4, in order of decreasing quality from RT-1 to RT-4. Furthermore, this HFU method is integrated with the Multi-Resolution Graph-Based Clustering (MRGC) approach, which serves to spread the available data to wells with limited data, thereby obtaining results that correlate well based on the combination of HFU-derived rock typing and petrophysical parameters. Overall, RT-1 and RT-2 show very good reservoir quality, while RT-3 and RT-4 represent reservoirs with poor quality. This classification has been validated using both qualitative and quantitative approaches based on petrophysical parameters. The correlation between predicted permeability using the GFU (Generalized Flow Unit) method and core data permeability was performed, yielding correlation coefficients of 0.9482 and 0.458, respectively. Oil reserve calculations were carried out based on the geological structure obtained from the structure map derived from seismic picking. The structure reveals an anticline, which was further analyzed considering the impact of petrophysical parameters. Petrophysical calculations using a trial-and-error approach on tortuosity factor (a), cementation exponent (m), and water saturation exponent (n) based on SCAL and RCAL data showed significant results. With parameters a, m, and n set to 1, 2, and 2, respectively, there was an increase in reserves of 31% in tank 1 and 43% in tank 2. This increase was achieved by optimizing higher parameter values based on the SCAL and RCAL data available.
KEYWORDS
Hydraulic flow unit, Rock type, Reservoir Characterization, Petrophysics Parameters, Volumetric Calculation
Funding
The authors would like to acknowledge the support received from Pertamina Hulu Indonesia Zone 9 for providing access to field data, which played a crucial role in supporting this study
Text References
Text
Text (PDF)
Read Download

1. Abdulelah H., Mahmood S. and Hamada G. Hydraulic flow units for reservoir characterization: A successful application on arab-d carbonate // IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Vol. 380. — IOP Publishing, 2018. — P. 012020. — https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/380/1/012020.

2. Adrianto R. D. PENENTUAN FLOW UNIT BATUAN RESERVOIR PADA LAPANGAN RN // PETRO:Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Perminyakan. — 2018. — Vol. 6, no. 1. — P. 21–31. — https://doi.org/10.25105/petro.v6i1.2500.

3. Amaefule J. O., Altunbay M., Tiab D., et al. Enhanced Reservoir Description: Using Core and Log Data to Identify Hydraulic (Flow) Units and Predict Permeability in Uncored Intervals/Wells // SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. — Houston, Texas, 1993. — https://doi.org/10.2118/26436-ms.

4. Chambers J. L. C. and Daley T. E. A tectonic model for the onshore Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan // Geological Society, London, Special Publications. — 1997. — Vol. 126, no. 1. — P. 375–393. — https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1997.126.01.23.

5. Cloke I. R., Moss S. J. and Craig J. Structural controls on the evolution of the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan // Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. — 1999. — Vol. 17, no. 1/2. — P. 137–156. — https://doi.org/10.1016/s0743-9547(98)00036-1.

6. Corbett P. W. M. and Potter D. K. Petrotyping: A basemap and atlas for navigating through permeability and porosity data for reservoir comparison and permeability prediction // International Symposium of the Society of Core Analysts. Vol. 5. — 2004. — P. 1–12.

7. Ebanks W. J. Flow Unit Concept-Integrated Approach to Reservoir Description for Engineering Projects // AAPG Bulletin. — 1987. — Vol. 71. — P. 551–552. — https://doi.org/10.1306/94887168-1704-11D7-8645000102C1865D.

8. Guo G., Diaz M. A., Paz F., et al. Rock Typing as an Effective Tool for Permeability and Water-Saturation Modeling: A Case Study in a Clastic Reservoir in the Oriente Basin // SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering. — 2007. — Vol. 10, no. 6. — P. 730–739. — https://doi.org/10.2118/97033-pa.

9. Hall R. and Nichols G. J. Cenozoic sedimentation and tectonics in Borneo: Climatic influences on orogenesis // Sediment Flux to Basins: Causes, Controls and Consequences / ed. by S. J. Jones and L. Frostick. — Geological Society of London Special Publication, 2002. — P. 5–22. — https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2002.191.01.02.

10. McClay K., Dooley T. P., Ferguson A., et al. Tectonic evolution of the Sanga Sanga Block, Mahakam Delta, Kalimantan, Indonesia // AAPG Bulletin. — 2000. — Vol. 84, no. 6. — P. 765–786. — https://doi.org/10.1306/A96733EC-1738-11D7-8645000102C1865D.

11. Musu J. T., Permadi P. and Widarsono B. Connecting Microscopic Geological Features to Pore Geometry and Pore Structure: Case Study - Sandstone Reservoir of Balikpapan Formation, Kutai Basin // Modern Applied Science. — 2017. — Vol. 12, no. 1. — P. 51. — https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n1p51.

12. Opuwari M., Amponsah-Dacosta M., Mohammed S., et al. Delineation of sandstone reservoirs of Pletmos Basin offshore South Africa into Flow Units using Core Data // South African Journal of Geology. — 2020. — Vol. 123, no. 4. — P. 479–492. — https://doi.org/10.25131/sajg.123.0032.

13. Satyana A. H. Post-collisional tectonic escapes in Indonesia: Fashioning the Cenozoic history // Proceedings PIT IAGI Riau 2006, The 35th IAGI Annual Convention and Exhibition. — Pekanbaru - Riau : IAGI, 2006.

14. El-Sawy M. Z., Abuhagaza A. A., Nabawy B., et al. Rock typing and hydraulic flow units as a successful tool for reservoir characterization of Bentiu-Abu Gabra sequence, Muglad basin, southwest Sudan // Journal of African Earth Sciences. — 2020. — Vol. 171. — P. 103961. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2020.103961.

15. Ye S. J. and Rabiller P. A New Tool for Electro-Facies Analysis: Multi-Resolution Graph-Based Clustering // SPWLA 41st Annual Logging Symposium. — Society of Petrophysicists, Well-Log Analysts, 2000.

This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
PDF Text JATS XML
The contact persons
Alexei Gvishiani
Chief Editor
Alexei Gvishiani
rjes@wdcb.ru
Boris Dzeboev
Deputy Chief Editor
Boris Dzeboev
rjes@wdcb.ru
Ernest Kedrov
Managing Editor
Ernest Kedrov
ernest.kedrov@ya.ru
Natalya Kareva
Responsible Secretary
Natalya Kareva
rjes@wdcb.ru
1173
downloads
Scopus Web of Science Crossref RINC Science Index Geodesy and cartography GeoRef Cyberleninka Directory of Open Access Journals RCSI
CC
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Creative Commons
ISSN 1681-1208 (Online)
© gcras.editorum.ru
Agreement Personal data protection and processing policy Support Powered by Editorum, 2026 Instructions
Login or Create
* Forgot your password?